Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Captive Wildlife at Zhengzhou Zoo, China

Li, Junqiang; Qi, Meng; Chang, Yankai; Wang, Rongjun; Li, Tongyi; Dong, Hui; Zhang, Longxian

doi:10.1111/jeu.12269

Cited by 79 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…Prior knowledge of E. bieneusi of alpacas is limited to one study from herds in Peru [7], and two studies in Chinese zoos [46, 47]. A Peruvian study of 126 crias discovered six novel genotypes (ALP1-6) as well as already known genotypes P, Type IV, D and Beb6 [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Peruvian study of 126 crias discovered six novel genotypes (ALP1-6) as well as already known genotypes P, Type IV, D and Beb6 [7]. Surveys from captive alpacas kept in two Chinese zoos detected recognised genotypes J, CALTI and Beb6 [46, 47]. Additionally, a survey of captive llamas ( Lama glama ) in the Munich Zoo, Germany, identified the novel subtype P [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is unknown whether these genotypes are zoonotic, their phylogenetic position (cf. figure 13 in [7]) suggests that they have zoonotic potential, based on epidemiological information available for other genotypes in the ‘Group 1’ clade [46]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First cross-sectional, molecular epidemiological survey of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon in alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in Australia

et al. 2018

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BackgroundEukaryotic pathogens, including Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon, have been implicated in neonatal diarrhoea, leading to marked morbidity and mortality in the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and llama (Lama glama) around the world. Australia has the largest population of alpacas outside of South America, but very little is known about these pathogens in alpaca populations in this country. Here, we undertook the first molecular epidemiological survey of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon in V. pacos in Australia.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 81 herds, comprising alpacas of 6 weeks to 26 years of age, were sampled from the six Australian states (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia) across the four seasons. PCR-based sequencing was employed, utilising genetic markers in the small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU) and 60-kilodalton glycoprotein (gp60) genes for Cryptosporidium, triose-phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene for Giardia duodenalis and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) for Enterocytozoon bieneusi.ResultsPCR-based analyses of 81 faecal DNA samples representing 1421 alpaca individuals detected Cryptosporidium, Giardia and/or Enterocytozoon on 15 farms in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, equating to 18.5% of all samples/herds tested. Cryptosporidium was detected on three (3.7%) farms, G. duodenalis on six (7.4%) and E. bieneusi on eight (9.9%) in two or all of these three states, but not in Queensland, Tasmania or Western Australia. Molecular analyses of selected faecal DNA samples from individual alpacas for Cryptosporidium, Giardia and/or Enterocytozoon consistently showed that alpacas of ≤ 6 months of age harboured these pathogens.ConclusionsThis first molecular investigation of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon in alpaca subpopulations in Australia has identified species and genotypes that are of likely importance as primary pathogens of alpacas, particularly young crias, and some genotypes with zoonotic potential. Although the prevalence established here in the alpaca subpopulations studied is low, the present findings suggest that crias are likely reservoirs of infections to susceptible alpacas and/or humans. Future studies should focus on investigating pre-weaned and post-weaned crias, and on exploring transmission patterns to establish what role particular genotypes play in neonatal or perinatal diarrhoea in alpacas and in zoonotic diseases in different states of Australia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3055-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First cross-sectional, molecular epidemiological survey of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon in alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in Australia

et al. 2018

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“…All the C. parvum isolates were further characterized by amplification of the gp60 gene. The primers and amplification conditions in this study were described previously [1, 11, 23]. Positive and negative controls were included in each test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned dairy calves in central Sichuan province, China

et al. 2018

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Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are common human and animal pathogens. They have increasingly been reported in dairy calves in recent years; however, multilocus genotyping information for G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium infecting pre-weaned dairy calves in southwestern China is limited. In the present study, the prevalence of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned dairy calves in central Sichuan province was determined and the pathogens were analyzed molecularly. Of 278 fecal samples from pre-weaned dairy calves, 26 (9.4%) were positive for G. duodenalis and 40 (14.4%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. Cryptosporidium bovis (n = 28), Cryptosporidium ryanae (n = 5) and Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 7) were detected. All seven C. parvum isolates were successfully subtyped based on the gp60 gene sequence, and only IIdA15G1 was detected. Multilocus sequence typing of G. duodenalis based on beta-giardin (bg), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes revealed 19 different assemblage E multilocus genotypes (two known and 17 unpublished genotypes). Based on eBURST analysis, a high degree of genetic diversity within assemblage E was observed in pre-weaned dairy calves in Sichuan province. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using multilocus sequence typing and eBURST analysis to characterize G. duodenalis in pre-weaned dairy calves in southwestern China.

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“…In view of such a serious situation, giardiasis has attracted considerable attention around the world. Although G. intestinalis infections have been reported in humans and a variety of animal species [13–16], there is little information in donkeys ( Equus asinus ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of Giardia intestinalis in donkeys, Equus asinus, in China

Zhang

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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Background Giardia intestinalis is one of the most important zoonotic enteric parasites. As no information regarding prevalence and genotype of G. intestinalis in donkeys (Equus asinus) in China is available, 181 faecal samples from 48 donkeys from Jilin Province, from 104 from Shandong Province and from 29 from Liaoning Province were examined between May and December 2015.FindingsTwenty-eight (15.47%) out of 181 donkey samples were tested G. intestinalis-positive by nested amplification of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. The prevalence in different regional groups varied from 10.42 to 18.27%. The prevalence in adult and young donkeys was 14.29 and 22.92%, respectively. Otherwise, the prevalence was 11.69% in summer and 18.27% in winter. However, no statistically significant differences were found in relation to region or age group. Sequence analysis of the tpi, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and beta giardin (bg) loci identified 4, 1 and 3 subtypes of assemblage B, respectively. Moreover, four novel multilocus genotypes (MLGs novel-1 to novel-4) were identified in assemblage B.ConclusionsThis first report of G. intestinalis in donkeys in China indicates that further studies of nation-wide molecular epidemiology and geographical distribution of Giardia in donkeys are warranted. Effective strategies should be implemented to control G. intestinalis infection in donkeys, other animals and humans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1936-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Captive Wildlife at Zhengzhou Zoo, China

Cited by 79 publications

References 42 publications

First cross-sectional, molecular epidemiological survey of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon in alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in Australia

First cross-sectional, molecular epidemiological survey of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon in alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in Australia

Occurrence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned dairy calves in central Sichuan province, China

The presence of Giardia intestinalis in donkeys, Equus asinus, in China

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