Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus from Cysts and Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples of Human Isolates in Northeastern Turkey

The situation of echinococcosis in stray dogs in Turkey: the first finding ofEchinococcus multilocularisandEchinococcus ortleppi

“…Most studies in Turkey have been performed on CE in humans and livestock animals but limited in dogs (Altintas, 2008;Simsek et al, 2010;Deplazes et al, 2017;Avcioglu et al, 2017b;Kurt et al, 2020). This is thought to be due to the difficulties in fieldwork of definitive hosts, such as obtaining dogs and wild canids, and contamination risk with zoonotic infections such as rabies and echinococcosis.…”

“…Determination of the species and genotypes of Echinoccoccus in definitive and intermediate hosts in an endemic area is essential to understanding the transmission dynamics of the parasite and designing effective control programmes (Alvarez Rojas et al, 2014;Romig et al, 2015). To date, molecular studies on E. granulosus carried out in Turkey have reported several genotypes (G1/ G3, G4, G6 and G7) in livestock (Bowles et al, 1992;Vural et al, 2008;Snabel et al, 2009;Simsek et al, 2010Simsek et al, , 2015Simsek and Cevik, 2014;Erdogan et al, 2017) and humans (G1/G3, G6 and G7) (Snabel et al, 2009;Eryildiz and Sakru, 2012;Kurt et al, 2020) from different endemic foci. Among these, G1 has been considered the most prevalent in animals and human CE cases in Turkey.…”

“…Similarly, high prevalence rates of CE in cattle (Simsek et al, 2010) and sheep (Arslan and Umur, 1997) in Erzurum province and have been reported. Thus far, metacestodes of E. multilocularis in humans (Kurt et al, 2020) and rodents (Avcioglu et al, 2017a), and E. multilocularis adults in red foxes (Avcioglu et al, 2016(Avcioglu et al, , 2021 and lynx (Avcioglu et al, 2018) have been reported in this region.…”

Human and animal cystic echinococcosis in Konya, Turkey: molecular identification and the first report of E. equinus from human host in Turkey

“…As a result, all the isolates collected in this study were confirmed by BLAST algorithm as E. granulosus s.l. From Turkey, there are several reports on molecular characterization of E. granulosus s.l isolates from various intermediate hosts (Schneider et al 2008;Utuk et al 2008;Snabel et al 2009;Ergin et al 2010;Simsek et al 2011;Utuk and Simsek 2013;Bakal et al 2015;Eroglu et al 2016;Orsten et al 2018;Kurt et al 2020;Örsten et al 2020). These studies showed that E. granulosus s.s. (genotypes G1-G3) is the predominant species obtained from hydatid materials in Turkey.…”

Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from Humans in Slovenia

“…species cluster in formalin-fixed samples have encountered the same problem that we had. The authors of these studies reported that between 8% and 58% of such samples were not amplified successfully [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. DNA extraction and amplification from formalin-fixed samples is generally problematic but recent improvements in DNA extraction methods and the amplification of short fragments of the target DNA enhanced the detection and identification of infectious agents in these samples [ 52 ].…”