Molecular characterization of Moroccan grapevine germplasm using SSR markers for the establishment of a reference collection

Abstract

Aims:This study aims to characterize the SODEA ampelographic collection in Meknès, the only germplasm repository in Morocco. To assess the usefulness of this germplasm, a study was conducted to verify the trueness to type of the genotypes and to provide the first database for a reference collection in Morocco. A core collection was then established to define a small sample easier to handel further characterization. Methods and results:Ninety-four grapevine samples from the collection were analyzed using 20 nuclear SSR markers. From these samples, we identified 67 grapevine genotypes. The nuclear SSRs revealed a high diversity within the SODEA collection: 202 alleles were detected with a mean of 10.1 alleles per locus. Analysis of molecular data with the software DARwin was used to classify the genotypes into six groups according to their origin or their genetic relatedness. The 18 autochthonous cultivars were differentiated according to geographical origin (North vs. South). We established a core collection among this germplasm using MSTRAT: the complete diversity present in the collection was captured with only 34 individuals. Nevertheless, an optimal core collection representing 89% of the diversity was constituted by only 17 cultivars. Among these 17 individuals, 5 are autochthonous. Conclusion:The collection of SODEA represents a unique resources of grapevines for Morocco. It contains several important autochthonous cultivars in terms of diversity and agronomic utilisation.Significance and impact of the study: The study showed potential and interest of the cultivars present in the collection of SODEA, suggesting that their utilisation may be important for the farmers.Objectifs : Cette étude a pour objectif de caractériser la collection ampélographique de la SODEA à Meknès, l'unique conservatoire de ressources génétiques vignes existant au Maroc. Pour évaluer l'intérêt de ce conservatoire, une étude a été conduite afin de vérifier l'identité exacte des génotypes et d'établir la première base de données relative à cette collection de référence. Une core collection a ensuite été établie afin de définir un sous-échantillon restreint, plus facile à gérer pour de futures analyses.Méthodes et résultats : Quatre-vingt quatorze échantillons de vigne prélevés dans la collection ont été analysés en utilisant 20 marqueurs microsatellites. À partir de ces échantillons, nous avons identifié 67 génotypes distincts. L'analyse de ces marqueurs a révélé une grande diversité au sein de la collection de la SODEA : 202 allèles ont été détectés avec une moyenne de 10,1 allèles par locus. Les données moléculaires ont été analysées avec le programme DARwin. Les génotypes ont pu être répartis en 6 groupes, en relation avec leur origine ou leur relation génétique. Les 18 cultivars autochtones ont été différenciés en fonction de leur origine géographique (Nord vs. Sud). Nous avons établi une core collection à partir de ces ressources génétiques en utilisant le logiciel MSTRAT : la diversité totale présente dans ce conservatoire peut êt...

Identification by SNP Analysis of a Major Role for Cayetana Blanca in the Genetic Network of Iberian Peninsula Grapevine Varieties

“…The accession used here was from the SODEA germplasm bank, a collection created in 1952 in Meknes by Vidal, who collected local vines from different regions, particularly from the Rif (northern Morocco). A comparison of the genetic profile of Djinani and Jaén using 20 SSR recently confirmed that they are synonyms (El Oualkadi et al 2009). This study confirmed the identity of these synonyms and two color sports (rose) ( Table 1) for the SNP markers used.…”

Genetic diversity of Moroccan grape accessions conserved ex situ compared to Maghreb and European gene pools

“…As a preliminary step toward the search of Moroccan autochthonous cultivars, the content of SODEA (an agricultural development company located in Meknès, Morocco), the only grape collection existing in Morocco, was analysed using SSR markers in order to identify the cultivars (El Oualkadi et al 2009). This collection contains 21 cultivars of Moroccan origin.…”

Grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) from the Balearic Islands: genetic characterization and relationship with Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean Basin

“…The VMC4f3-1and VVIn73 nuSSRs have been already described to be respectively the most and least informative ones by other authors (El Oualkadi et al 2009;Riahi et al 2010) since a higher discrimination power (D) implicates a lower probability of confusion of cultivars (Sefc et al 2000). The expected heterozygosity is a useful measurement to compare with other works since the number of allele per locus is sensitive to the number of cultivars analyzed (Sefc et al 2000;Aradhya et al 2003).…”