Genetic diversity of Moroccan grape accessions conserved ex situ compared to Maghreb and European gene pools

Abstract

Equipe DAVEM = Diversité et Adaptation de la Vigne et des Espèces Méditerranéennes Contact : ai.oualkadi@gmail.comGrape diversity present in Morocco and the part of this diversity used nowadays are poorly documented. In order to choose diversified genotypes, to select them so that their agronomic interest will be tested, a group of 21 autochthonous cultivars preserved in the germplasm collections of SODEA and 18 Moroccan cultivars from "Domaine de Vassal" INRA grape collection was compared to a group of cultivars from neighbouring countries (Algeria and Tunisia), and from a core collection optimizing simple sequence repeat (SSR) allelic diversity of grape. Data from 20 nuclear and 3 chloroplastic SSR markers were obtained for this set of 211 cultivars. A total of 156 alleles (mean of 7.8 alleles per locus) were detected for the nSSRs and 7 alleles for the cpSSR in the Moroccan group. Chlorotype diversity in Moroccan and Algerian group were similar, but slightly lower than in the Tunisian group and the core collection. Similarly, the nSSR diversity was high in the core collection and low in the Moroccan and the Algerian groups compared to the two other groups. Clustering of cultivars based on nSSR data reflected their geographical origin and, to a certain extent, the use of the cultivars. The specificity of the Moroccan plant material was attested by the Bayesian analysis using Structure, while differences of the core collection were clearly revealed both by the Bayesian and a multivariate analysis. These results confirm the differentiation of the material from Maghreb and more specifically of Moroccan material, having evolved independently from Europe

Genetic Diversity of Chinese Wild Grape Species by SSR and SRAP Markers

“…the number of alleles ranged from 6 (in UDV-015) to 12 (in VMc4c6 and VVS2) with a total of 90 alleles and an average of 9 alleles per locus ( Table 2), in agreement with previous analyses (7,14,31). out of 90 SSR amplicons, 83 were polymorphic with a high percentage of polymorphism (92.2%).…”

Pedigree Reconstruction of the Italian Grapevine Aglianico (Vitis vinifera L.) from Campania

“…The values of these statistical parameters are typical for a species with high genetic variability, as reported in Laucou et al [9]. Regarding the Aglianico accessions analyzed in this work, the variety true-to-type [1,29] and the monophyletic origin of its biotypes (Taburno, Taurasi, and Vulture), suggested by Costantini et al [1], were confirmed. Aglianico biotypes are clonal lines selected in different growing areas noticeable for morphological and physiological traits.…”

“…The same three genotypes were confirmed after increasing the number of analyzed loci up to 43, during the second step of the work. The trueness-to-type for Aglianico and Sirica was attributed basing on the comparison of these results with the fingerprints reported in previous works [1,29]. The identity between Sirica accessions and Syrah [15] was checked and confirmed; just a discrepancy of 10 bp in the VMC2b5 locus was found.…”

Patterns of SNP distribution provide a molecular basis for high genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in Vitis species

“…Grape (Vitis L.) is one of the most economically important fruit crops in the world (Reisch and Pratt 1996;Alleweldt 1997;El Oualkadi et al 2011;Myles et al 2011;Emanuelli et al 2013). The Vitis genus contains approximately 60 species widely distributed across three geographical regions: (1) South Europe and Asia Minor, (2) East Asia, and (3) North and Central America (Reisch and Pratt 1996;Alleweldt 1997;Wan et al 2008).…”

“…Such interspecific crosses produce berries that are superior in quality in comparison to those in wild species that are directly cultivated (Reisch and Pratt 1996;Alleweldt 1997;El Oualkadi et al 2011).…”