Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholerae Isolated From Clinical Samples in Kurdistan Province, Iran

Samadi, Nasser; Pakzad, Iraj; Sefidan, Alireza Monadi; Hosainzadegan, Hasan; Tanomand, Asghar

doi:10.5812/jjm.8(4)2015.18102

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…cholerae is usually used PCR method with specific target genes that act as a virulence factor (Huq et al, 2012;Waturangi et al, 2013;Ramazanzadeh et al, 2015). In addition, the PCR method is a more sensitive and specific molecular laboratory test, fast and accurate when compared to conventional methods (Angeliya and Kurdiwa, 2013;Kharirie, 2013).…”

Section: Oceana Biomedicina Journalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of the virulence genes is a factor that contributes to the pathogenicity of V. cholerae. Some virulence factors present in V. cholera are ToxR regulator, cholerae toxin (consisting of ctxA and ctxB), toxin-coregulated pilus subunit (TcpA), outer membrane protein U (ompU), outer membrane protein W (ompW), accessory cholerae enterotoxin (Ace), and zonula occludens toxin (Zot) (Waturangi et al, 2013;Ramazanzadeh et al, 2015). Cholerae toxin is responsible for the occurrence of diarrhea in cholera outbreaks (Sikora, 2013, Pal, 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of genes encoding ompW and ctxA of Vibrio cholerae isolated from shrimp and shellfish at Kedonganan fish market, Bali-Indonesia

2019

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Contamination of pathogenic bacteria in food can lead to the emergence of foodborne disease. One of foodborne disease which often occurs in some developing countries such as Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America is cholera which is caused by Vibrio cholerae. The disease is transmitted through beverages and food, especially contaminated seafood. V. cholerae has several virulence factors including the outer membrane protein W (ompW) and cholerae toxin (ctx).The ompW acts as a protective barrier and can also be used as a marker specific species of V. cholerae and cholerae toxin is an enterotoxin responsible for the incidence of diarrhea in a cholera outbreak produced by pathogenic V. cholerae. This study was an observational study to determine the level of contamination of V. cholerae by detecting the outer membrane protein W (ompW) and cholerae toxin subunit A (ctxA) gene of V. cholerae in shrimp and shellfish sold at Kedonganan fish market. Samples were taken using total sampling technique and obtained 24 samples consisting of 14 shrimp samples and 10 shellfish samples. Samples were examined using culture methods and biochemical tests, and then further tested using Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) to detect ompW and ctxA gene. The dPCR assay results showed 8 out of 14 (57.1%) samples from shrimp and 1 out of 10 (10%) samples from the shellfish positive carried ompW gene, and found no positive samples carrying the ctxA gene in samples derived from shrimp and shellfish. Chi square test analysis results indicated contamination of V. cholerae in shrimp was higher than shellfish based on ompW gene (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the shrimp and shellfish at Kedonganan fish market are contaminated by V. cholerae. Further research is needed to detect the virulence factors besides ompW and ctxA of V. cholerae in seafood.<pre> </pre>Keywords: Foodborne disease, Vibrio cholerae, ompW gene, ctxA gene, and Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR).

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Section: Oceana Biomedicina Journalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of genes encoding ompW and ctxA of Vibrio cholerae isolated from shrimp and shellfish at Kedonganan fish market, Bali-Indonesia

2019

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“…The outbreak of nosocomial multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has caused severe therapeutic problems. Various drug resistance genes such as aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, beta-lactamase and carbapene- mase genes have been studied in Gram-negative bacteria such as K. pneumoniae in Iran and other countries of the world (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The highest antibiotic resistance rate in the present study belonged to ceftazidime whereas the lowest rate was observed for tobramycin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Assessment of 16srRNA Methylase Genes Among Non-ESBL and ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates

Pakzad

Samadi

Imanieini

et al. 2020

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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The aim of our study was to investigate mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) isolates from Iran. To this end, 154 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from two hospitals in Ilam city, Iran. The Kirby-Bauer (agar diffusion) antibiotic testing method was used to determine the susceptibility pattern of the isolates against kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin. Aminoglycoside acetyltransferases (aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib, and aac(3)-Ia), 16SrRNA methylase genes (armA and rmtB) and ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV , and blaCTX-M) were detected by PCR amplification. 59.1% (n = 91) of K. pneumoniae isolates were detected ESBL producers with the phenotypic test. Moreover, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M were detected in 83.5% (n=76), 52.7% (n=48) and 26.4% (n=24) of the ESBL-producing isolates, respectively. Among 52 resistant or intermediate isolates against aminoglycosides, the aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib and rmtB genes were detected in 55.8% (n = 29), 80.8% (n = 42) and 1.9% (n = 1) of the isolates, respectively; none of the isolates, however, had the aac(3)-Ia and armA genes. Therefore, the results showed the high prevalence of aminoglycosides resistance in the K. pneumoniae isolates. As observed, the acetyltransferase modifying enzymes (aac genes) played major roles in determining this resistance. However, the rate of 16srRNA methylase genes was extremely low in K. pneumoniae.

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“…The expression of the virulence genes is a major factor contributing to the pathogenicity of V. cholerae. Some of the virulence factors of V. cholerae include ToxR regulator, cholerae toxin (ctxA and ctxB), toxin-coregulated pilus subunit (TcpA), outer membrane protein U (ompU), outer membrane protein W (ompW), accessory cholerae enterotoxin (Ace), and zonular occludens toxin (Zot) (Reidl and Klose, 2002;Waturangi et al, 2013;Ramazanzadeh et al, 2015). The expression of V. cholerae virulence factor is controlled by ToxR regulatory cascade which depends on environmental conditions ( Figure 2) (Raskin et al, 2004;Schild et al, 2008).…”

Section: Expression and Secretion Of Cholerae Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Cholerae Toxin (ctx) in Causing Diarrhea

Praja

Rosalina

2018

Biomed Journal

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Vibrio cholerae is one of the pathogenic bacteria transmitted through contaminated food, especially seafood and contaminated beverages. V. cholerae produces cholerae toxin (ctx) which is encoded by the ctx gene located within its chromosome. This toxin has been recognized as one of the toxins responsible for cholera outbreaks. The mechanism of ctx gene expression is induced by environmental signals such as pH, osmolarity, temperature, bile, amino acids, and CO2. These signals will be a positive transcriptional factor to the ToxR gene that regulates the biogenesis of cholerae toxin. After cholerae toxin has been successfully expressed, V. cholerae uses a type II secretion (T2S) pathway to deliver cholerae toxin to the extracellular environment. Cholerae toxin consists of A and B subunits. The B subunit plays a role in attaching to the receptor Manosialosyl Ganglioside (GM1 ganglioside) and the A subunit plays a role in catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of Gs (stimulatory) proteins and turning them into active condition. The Gs proteins will convert the inactive adenilate cyclase (AC) into active AC. The increase of AC activity will increase the cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration along the cell membrane. The cAMP then causes the active secretion of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and water (H2O) out of the cell into the intestinal lumen, resulting in large fluid losses and electrolyte imbalances. Keywords: Vibrio cholerae, cholerae toxin (ctx), ToxR gene, type II secretion (T2S), GM1 ganglioside, adenilate cyclase.

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Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholerae Isolated From Clinical Samples in Kurdistan Province, Iran

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Detection of genes encoding ompW and ctxA of Vibrio cholerae isolated from shrimp and shellfish at Kedonganan fish market, Bali-Indonesia

Detection of genes encoding ompW and ctxA of Vibrio cholerae isolated from shrimp and shellfish at Kedonganan fish market, Bali-Indonesia

Assessment of 16srRNA Methylase Genes Among Non-ESBL and ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates

Molecular Mechanism of Cholerae Toxin (ctx) in Causing Diarrhea

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