Molecular Detection ofBartonella quintana,B. koehlerae, B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae, Rickettsia felis, andWolbachia pipientisin Cat Fleas, France

Rolain, Jean‐Marc; Franc, Michel; Davoust, Bernard; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.3201/eid0903.020278

Cited by 291 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For rodent Bartonellae, two vectors have been suggested: The oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) has been demonstrated to be a competent vector of an unidentified Bartonella species that infects bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) (Krampitz, 1962), and the vole ear mite (Trombicula microti) has been proposed as the vector of Bartonella vinsonii vinsonii (Baker, 1946). Several researchers have suggested a role for rodent fleas as the vector of Bartonella species based on detection of Bartonella DNA from fleas collected worldwide (Parola et al, 2003;Rolain et al, 2003;Stevenson et al, 2003;Reeves et al, 2005;Loftis et al, 2006;Marie et al, 2006). In experimental transmission studies, Bown et al (2004) demonstrated that the rodent flea Ctenophthalmus nobilis is a competent vector of at least two Bartonella species: Bartonella grahamii, which has previously been associated with human infection (Kerkhoff et al, 1999;Serratrice et al, 2003), and Bartonella taylorii.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Bartonella Detected in Rodent Fleas in Yunnan, China

Liu

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Previous studies have demonstrated a diversity of Bartonella spp. in rodent populations in Yunnan Province, China. Although Bartonella spp. have been isolated from cat fleas and cattle ticks collected from their animal hosts, little is known about Bartonella carried by rodent fleas. In this study, Bartonella DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in two of five species of rodent fleas. These included Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenophthalmus lushuiensis, which were collected from Rattus tanezumi flavipectus and from the nests of voles, respectively, during 1997 from two sites in western Yunnan Province, China. Sequence analysis of the Bartonella citrate synthase gene (gltA) amplicons obtained from six of 65 grouped flea samples showed that Bartonella genetic variants were clustered in four groups. One from Xenopsylla cheopis was identical to Bartonella tribocorum, whereas the other three genotypes from Ctenophthalmus lushuiensis were related to the vole-associated Bartonella isolates and cat-associated Bartonella clarridgeiae. This is the first detection of this Bartonella variant from fleas in China. Therefore, further investigations are needed to clarify the distribution of Bartonella in rodents and their ectoparasites in China to define the role of these arthropods in the transmission routes of Bartonella.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Bartonella Detected in Rodent Fleas in Yunnan, China

Liu

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Despite close relationships among strains based on MLST, mCGH reveals significant levels of genome divergence among them. evolutionary past within their common invertebrate host, the cat flea Ctenophalides felis (Casiraghi et al, 2005;Rolain et al, 2003).…”

Section: (Weinert Et Al 2009) the Plasmid Is Not Thought To Arise mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive genomic diversity of closely related Wolbachia strains

et al. 2009

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Using microarray-based comparative genome hybridization (mCGH), the genomic content of Wolbachia pipientis wMel from Drosophila melanogaster was compared to the closely related Wolbachia from D. innubila (wInn), D. santomea (wSan), and three strains from D. simulans (wAu, wRi, wSim). A large number of auxiliary genes are identified in these five strains, with most absent/ divergent genes being unique to a given strain. Each strain caused an average of~60 genes to be removed from the core genome. As such, these organisms do not appear to have the streamlined genomes expected of obligate intracellular bacteria. Prophage, hypothetical and ankyrin repeat genes are over-represented in the absent/divergent genes, with 21-87 % of absent/divergent genes coming from prophage regions. The only wMel region absent/divergent in all five query strains is that containing WD_0509 to WD_0511, including a DNA mismatch repair protein MutL-2, a degenerate RNase, and a conserved hypothetical protein. A region flanked by the two portions of the WO-B prophage in wMel is found in four of the five Wolbachia strains as well as on a plasmid of a rickettsial endosymbiont of Ixodes scapularis, suggesting lateral gene transfer between these two obligate intracellular species. Overall, these insect-associated Wolbachia have highly mosaic genomes, with lateral gene transfer playing an important role in their diversity and evolution. INTRODUCTIONWolbachia bacteria are common obligate intracellular endosymbionts that infect a wide variety of invertebrates, including arthropods and filarial nematodes. The arthropod-infecting Wolbachia strains are maternally inherited and exert unusual effects on host reproduction, including: (1) parthenogenesis, whereby infected virgin females produce infected female offspring, (2) male killing, whereby infected male embryos fail to develop, (3) feminization, whereby genetic males develop into reproductively capable females, and (4) cytoplasmic incompatibility, the most common phenotype, whereby the offspring of uninfected females and infected males fail to develop (Stouthamer et al., 1999;Werren et al., 2008). These phenotypes increase the number of infected hosts within a population, promoting the frequency of Wolbachia. Although insect-associated Wolbachia are typically considered reproductive parasites, some Abbreviation: mCGH, microarray comparative genome hybridization.3These authors contributed equally to this paper. et al., 2008). In addition to the above nomenclature, another convention has been proposed that combines all genes found in .1 % of strains into a species genome, and any genes in ,1 % of strains are considered of foreign origin or on the decline (Boucher et al., 2001;Lan & Reeves, 2000).In order to examine the core genome and the genetic flux between W. pipientis strains, we examined the genomic content of five strains using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (mCGH) on a Wolbachia microarray. DNAs from reference and query organisms are differentially labelled and competitive...

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“…24 Cats are considered to be the main reservoir of B. henselae and can transmit the pathogen to humans via scratches or bites, although naturally infected cats are asymptomatic. Although several countries worldwide have reported B. henselae in cats and in fleas, 25,26 the presence of Bartonella spp. in fleas was not reported in Ethiopia until recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Rickettsia felis and Bartonella henselae in Dog and Cat Fleas in Central Oromia, Ethiopia

Kumsa

Parola

Raoult³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Fleas are important vectors of several Rickettsia and Bartonella spp. that cause emerging zoonotic diseases worldwide. In this study, 303 fleas collected from domestic dogs and cats in Ethiopia and identified morphologically as Ctenocephalides felis felis, C. canis, Pulex irritans, and Echidnophaga gallinacea were tested for Rickettsia and Bartonella DNA by using molecular methods. Rickettsia felis was detected in 21% of fleas, primarily C. felis, with a similar prevalence in fleas from dogs and cats. A larger proportion of flea-infested dogs (69%) than cats (37%) harbored at least one C. felis infected with R. felis. Rickettsia typhi was not detected. Bartonella henselae DNA was detected in 6% (2 of 34) of C. felis collected from cats. Our study highlights the likelihood of human exposure to R. felis, an emerging agent of spotted fever, and B. henselae, the agent of cat-scratch disease, in urban areas in Ethiopia.

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Molecular Detection ofBartonella quintana,B. koehlerae, B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae, Rickettsia felis, andWolbachia pipientisin Cat Fleas, France

Cited by 291 publications

References 36 publications

Phylogenetic Analysis of Bartonella Detected in Rodent Fleas in Yunnan, China

Phylogenetic Analysis of Bartonella Detected in Rodent Fleas in Yunnan, China

Extensive genomic diversity of closely related Wolbachia strains

Molecular Detection of Rickettsia felis and Bartonella henselae in Dog and Cat Fleas in Central Oromia, Ethiopia

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