Molecular Detection ofToxoplasma gondiiin Water Sources of District Nowshehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is spread through contamination of water sources and results in morbidity globally. In the current study 300 water samples were processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Toxoplasma gondii. The overall prevalence in different water sources was 6.6% (17/300). Among different water sources the highest prevalence was recorded in drain water at 7% (7/100), followed by tube well water at 7.5% (3/40) and open well water at 5% (5/100) ,and the lowest was recorded in tap water at 3.33% (2/60). The highest prevalence was recorded in summer. Evidence indicates that cleaning and filtration need to be adopted to avoid the health hazards of waterborne zoonotic parasites.

Toxoplasma gondii infection: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Lagos City, Southern Nigeria

“…An alternative explanation may be that people acquire T. gondii infection through contaminated environments in the community, regardless of their occupation/educational level. In this study, no gender difference was found associated with the seroprevalence of T. gondii, supporting observations made elsewhere (34) (35) (37) . High LA titers of sera anti-Toxoplasma antibodies are regarded as an indicator of either acute or new infection with T. gondii (38) .…”

Detection of Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii in soil and water samples in the Quindío River basin, Colombia

“…Our study results of T. gondii in water samples agree with those reported in Pakistan, which revealed 7% positive samples ( Khan et al, 2013 ), 12.5% in Bulgaria ( Kourenti and Karanis, 2006 ), and 13% in Norway with real-time PCR ( Harito et al, 2017 ). In contrast, studies conducted in Greece ( Kourenti and Karanis, 2006 ) and Nariño, Colombia ( Sanchez et al, 2014 ) yielded no positive results for T. gondii .…”

Fasciola hepaticain Some Buffaloes and Cattle by PCR and Microscopy

“…The DNA was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primer specific for Fasciola hepatica ( Figure 2 ). The primer added for F. hepatica was -F, 5′-AGTGATTACCCGCTGAACT-3′, and R, 3′-CTGAGAAAGTGCACTGACAA-5′ [ 13 ]. The specific amplified product was compared with 100 bp DNA ladder marker (Fermentas, USA).…”

“…In tropical countries, fasciolosis is considered the single most important helminthes infection of cattle, with reported prevalence of 30–90%. In domestic ruminants, adverse effects of acute or chronic fasciolosis include decreased meat and milk production, decreased fertility, and increased veterinary costs [ 11 – 13 ].…”