Molecular Determinants of Obligate Psychrophily

Malcolm, Neil L.

doi:10.1038/2211031a0

Cited by 32 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, as they point out, this does not account for the decline in the growth of the organism between the optimum and maximum growth temperatures. When a cell-free extract prepared from the psychrotrophic bacterium Micrococcus cryophilus was subjected to 5 C above the maximal growth temperature for the organism, three aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (glutamic acid, histidine, and proline) were found to be temperature sensitive (109,110,111,112). Unfortunately, the experiments were not carried out 1 or 2 C above the maximal growth temperature for M. cryophilus.…”

Section: Marcescensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychrophilic bacteria.

Morita¹

1975

Bacteriological Reviews

774

313

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Section: Marcescensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychrophilic bacteria.

Morita¹

1975

Bacteriological Reviews

774

313

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“…cryophilus grows over the temperature range -4 "C to + 25 "C, and has been termed a psychrophile (Russell, 1974;Malcolm, 1969;Tai & Jackson, 1969), although its optimum growth temperature of 21 "C puts it outside the definition of Morita (1975) who would define it as a psychrotroph (Baross & Morita, 1978). An alternative term is facultative psychrophile (compared with obligate psychrophile) using the definition of Ingraham & Stokes (1 959).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The turnover of Phospholipids in the Psychrophilic Bacterium Micrococcus cryophilus during Adaptation to Changes in Growth Temperature

Cgibbon¹,

Russell²

1985

Microbiology

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Cultures of Micrococcus cryophilus continue to grow without a lag following a sudden increase in temperature from 0 "C to 20 "C (shift-up) or a reciprocal decrease (shift-down); the growth rate changes gradually to that typical of cultures grown isothermally at the final temperature. After a shift-down the phospholipid acyl chain length begins to change immediately, whereas there is a delay following a shift-up. However, the final fatty acid composition is attained within the same number of cell division times after a shift-up or shift-down. The changes in chain length after a shift-up or shift-down can be partially prevented by adding streptomycin or erythromycin at the time of the temperature shift. There is little or no turnover of the head-group or acyl chains of phospholipids during isothermal growth, at 0 "C or 20 "C, nor after a shift-down. In contrast, after a shift-up approximately 40% of the phospholipid turns over during the first 12 h after the shift, but none during the subsequent 24 h ; phosphatidylglycerol turns over slightly faster than phospholipids during isothermal growth at 0°C or 20"C, nor after a shift-down. In contrast, and acyl chains of each phospholipid. There is evidence for the conversion of phosphatidylglycerol to cardiolipin. It is argued that as a psychrophilic organism, well adapted to growth at low temperatures, M . cryophilus is more stressed by sudden increases of growth temperature than by a sudden decrease.

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“…The biochemical basis for the loss in viability of psychrophiles at moderate temperatures is now generally accepted to be protein denaturation (4,8,12). We recently found that a psychrophilic Clostridium contains a triosephosphate isomerase (EC5.3.1.1) that is very heat labile and is probably responsible for the low maximum growth temperature of this organism (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic triosephosphate isomerases from three clostridial species

Shing¹,

Akagi²,

Himes³

1975

J Bacteriol

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Triosephosphate isomerase was purified to homogeneity as judged by analytical gel electrophoresis from clostridium sp. strain 69, clostridium pasteurianum, and C. thermosaccharolyticum, which grow optimally at 18, 37, and 55 C, respectively. Comparative studies on these purified proteins showed that they had the same molecular weight (53,000) and subunit molecular weight (26,500). They were equally susceptible to the active site-directed inhibitor, glycidol phosphate. However, their temperature and pH optima, as well as their stabilities to heat, urea, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, differed. The proteins also had different mobilities in acrylamide gel electrophoresis. This difference in ionic character was also reflected in the elution behavior of the enzymes from hydroxyapatite and in the isoelectric points determined by isoelectric focusing in acrylamide gel. The amino acid composition of these proteins showed that the thermophilic enzyme contains a greater amount of proline than the other enzymes. The ratio of acidic amino acids to basic amino acids was 1.79, 1.38, and 1.66 for the thermophilic mesophilic and psychrophilic enzymes, respectively. This is consistent with the relative isoelectric point values of these three enzymes.

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Molecular Determinants of Obligate Psychrophily

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Psychrophilic bacteria.

Psychrophilic bacteria.

The turnover of Phospholipids in the Psychrophilic Bacterium Micrococcus cryophilus during Adaptation to Changes in Growth Temperature

Psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic triosephosphate isomerases from three clostridial species

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