Molecular dynamics simulations of sodium alginate/sulfonated graphene oxide membranes properties

Shaari, Norazuwana; Kamarudin, Siti Kartom; Basri, Sahriah

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00808

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Anode and cathode are important parts for determining the chemical reaction, where catalyst poisoning often occurs because of inefficient oxidation. It also depends on many factors such as fuel concentration, process conditions, and so on …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also depends on many factors such as fuel concentration, process conditions, and so on. 2 Platinum supported by carbon black known as Vulcan XC-72 is a conventional catalyst which is mostly used in fuel cells. The quantity of platinum used is high which causes the rising of fuel cell system cost to occur and also problems that distort their stability and performance such as poisoning and sintering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current status, opportunities, and challenges in fuel cell catalytic application of aerogels

Shaari

Kamarudin

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Aerogel is known as one of today's 10 advanced structures that have earned a special place in industry or research based on its very high porosity, high active surface area, and low density. There are various methods that can be used to produce it as well as make it easily produced in bulk as subtopics in this paper in Section 2.0. At present, aerogels are widely used in catalytic applications, energy storage, photocatalysts, membrane separation, and fuel cells. Aerogel application in fuel cell has been discussed in Section 3.0 which include carbon‐based aerogel, graphene‐based aerogel, other aerogel based, and non‐noble catalyst with aerogel. This article is a reference for researchers to identify the advantages and opportunities available to lower costs and improve the performance of fuel cell systems that rely heavily on cost‐rich catalysts such as platinum. Opportunities and challenges in developing aerogel structures in the future are also explained in Section 5.0 in this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status, opportunities, and challenges in fuel cell catalytic application of aerogels

Shaari

Kamarudin

2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…Moreover, the addition of filler to QPVA matrix polymer with hydrophobic structure will decrease the fuel crossover issues . The hydrophobic region will be reacted as an obstacle to fuel diffusion inside the polymer electrolyte membrane .…”

Section: Challenges and Advances In Application Of Qpva‐based Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, these conditions affect the mechanical stability of the Nafion membrane and degrade the performance of fuel cells . Therefore, an alternative membrane for the DMFC and DEFC systems to the commercialization of both systems should be developed …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of quaternized polyvinyl alcohol as an alternative polymeric membrane in DMFCs and DEFCs

Zakaria

Kamarudin

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have emerged as alternative power generators for portable devices and household appliances because of their easy and fast production of electricity, as well as high energy conversion to provide high‐power density. However, several critical factors limit the commercialization of DMFCs and DEFCs, particularly issues related to polymer electrolyte membranes, including the high‐cost production of Nafion membranes and cell degradation caused by high fuel crossover and dehydration. This review paper provides an overview of the current status and challenges in quaternized polyvinyl alcohol (QPVA)‐based membranes as an alternative polymer electrolyte membrane for DMFCs and DEFCs. The main advantages of using QPVA‐based membranes in fuel cells are reduced cost production of membrane, fuel‐crossover minimization, and competitive conductivity with Nafion membrane. The effects of modifying the QPVA‐based membrane, especially on conductivity properties, fuel crossover, uptake condition, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, and single‐cell performance are comprehensively discussed. The best performances of DMFCs and DEFCs with utilizing QPVA‐based membrane are reported as 272 and 144 mW cm−2, respectively. This paper is the first to highlight the current status and challenges of QPVA‐based membranes for DMFCs and DEFCs applications.

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“…For reasons of electrode activity (which means greater efficiency and flexibility of fuel), higher temperature operation is preferable. Still, lower temperature operation is generally promoted for portable (intermediate) applications since it enables fast start‐ups and minimizes thermal cycle stresses 36,37 . Furthermore, the advantage of a solid electrolyte system over other systems such as alkaline, phosphoric acid or MCFC is that it does not use corrosive liquids, which will lead to corrosion problems in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and graphene quantum dots in fuel cell application: An overview

2020

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Summary Carbon quantum dots (CQD) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been mentioned frequently. They have been selected in recent studies as they have unique and remarkable potential, especially in electrical, optical, and optoelectrical properties. CQD and GQDs have very high chemical and physical stability due to inherent inert carbon material, thus newly recognized as a kind of quantum dots material. Its environmentally friendly, non‐toxic, and naturally inactive nature is also a major attraction for scientists around the world. In this work, CQD and GQDs production methods are discussed in detail, including soft‐template method, hydrothermal method, microwave‐assisted hydrothermal (MAH) method, metal‐catalyzed method, liquid exfoliation method, electron beam lithography method, and others. Additive material has been introduced in CQD and GQDs to increase the ability and performance of CQD and GQDs such as nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, and potassium. In particular, the presence of additive material in CQD and GQDs shows an advantage in terms of energy level, which is very good at achieving specific requirements in properties such as optical, electrical, and optoelectrical. In addition, the existence of functional groups consisting of heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, and so on of zero‐dimensional carbon materials in providing an overabundance of the active electrochemical site for the reaction. The product of CQD and GQDs has various shapes and sizes influenced by several parameters such as synthesis temperature, growth time, source concentration, catalyst, and so on. The application of CQDs and GQDs composites in fuel cells has been clearly and scientifically stated as it has enhanced the performance of fuel cell technology.

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Molecular dynamics simulations of sodium alginate/sulfonated graphene oxide membranes properties

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Current status, opportunities, and challenges in fuel cell catalytic application of aerogels

Current status, opportunities, and challenges in fuel cell catalytic application of aerogels

A review of quaternized polyvinyl alcohol as an alternative polymeric membrane in DMFCs and DEFCs

Carbon and graphene quantum dots in fuel cell application: An overview

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