Molecular Electric Transducers as Motion Sensors: A Review

Huang, Hai; Agafonov, Vadim M.; Yu, Hongyu

doi:10.3390/s130404581

Cited by 81 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…where R h is the hydrodynamic resistance which is solely determined by the channel geometry under laminar flow conditions, ρ is the density of the electrolyte, S ch is the cross-sectional area of the channel, and L represents the length of the channel, which is filled with electrolyte. Further, C(A/(m 3 /s)) is the conversion factor of the electrochemical cell, ω D = D/d 2 is the diffusion frequency, and d is the inter-electrode distance [5]. Thus, with the correctness of the AC equivalent circuit verified, the corresponding relationships of the variables between the electrochemistry and the electronics are also established.…”

Section: Proposed Ac Equivalent Circuit Modelmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…At the same time, an AC equivalent circuit model with dynamic characteristics is proposed as a foundation for the design of an external conditioning circuit and noise analysis of the sensor reaction cavity in further research. Figure 1 shows an image of the integrated EAM with the different components [5]. The use of a digitizer upon the signal conditioning circuit to process the amplification, current-voltage conversion, compensation, and feedback loop is proposed for the analog-to-digital conversion of the signal from the sensing elements of both the vertical and horizontal sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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AC Equivalent Circuit Model of an Electrochemical Accelerometer for 3D Numerical Simulation in the Low-Frequency Range

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2019

Energies

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The electrochemical principles presented in this paper can be applied to the manufacture of vibration sensors for oil and gas exploration, as well as long-period vibration sensors for the observation of natural earthquakes. To facilitate the manufacture of high-volume electrochemical accelerometer (EAM), this paper presents an AC equivalent circuit model of an EAM in a low-frequency range. A 3D time-dependent numerical simulation based on finite element analysis was designed to combine a complex chemical reaction with electric circuit theory. A sensitive chip channel model was constructed by using partial differential equations and the problem caused by a designed mathematical model was solved by using multi-physics finite element analysis. When the electrochemical properties of an electrochemical vibration sensor and its design parameters as well as the parameters of the AC equivalent circuit model are considered, the abstract processing of the sensor on the equivalent circuit is better accomplished. The effectiveness of the proposed simulation model and the equivalent circuit model were verified by comparing the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the equivalent circuit with the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the single-channel simulation model of the sensitive chip. These model not only have great significance for the design guidance of an external conditioning circuit but also provide an effective method to decouple the output signal and noise of the sensor reaction cavity.

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Section: Proposed Ac Equivalent Circuit Modelmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC Equivalent Circuit Model of an Electrochemical Accelerometer for 3D Numerical Simulation in the Low-Frequency Range

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…It is based on the Coriolis principle, measuring the Coriolis acceleration caused by the rotating speed coupled with the horizontal component of the Earth’s angular velocity. The requirement of a high and rather steady speed makes it a challenge for the man-portable north finders [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel MEMS Gyro North Finder Design Based on the Rotation Modulation Technique

Zhang

Zhou

Song

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Gyro north finders have been widely used in maneuvering weapon orientation, oil drilling and other areas. This paper proposes a novel Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscope north finder based on the rotation modulation (RM) technique. Two rotation modulation modes (static and dynamic modulation) are applied. Compared to the traditional gyro north finders, only one single MEMS gyroscope and one MEMS accelerometer are needed, reducing the total cost since high-precision gyroscopes and accelerometers are the most expensive components in gyro north finders. To reduce the volume and enhance the reliability, wireless power and wireless data transmission technique are introduced into the rotation modulation system for the first time. To enhance the system robustness, the robust least square method (RLSM) and robust Kalman filter (RKF) are applied in the static and dynamic north finding methods, respectively. Experimental characterization resulted in a static accuracy of 0.66° and a dynamic repeatability accuracy of 1°, respectively, confirming the excellent potential of the novel north finding system. The proposed single gyro and single accelerometer north finding scheme is universal, and can be an important reference to both scientific research and industrial applications.

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“…Huang et al [9] regarded the fluid in an MET linear accelerometer as an integral part to deduce the relation between the acceleration input and the liquid flow. This assumption was also adopted and tested in our proposed liquid-circular angular accelerometer (LCAA) and was shown to be workable to derive the steady state pressure, but revealed limitations in the analysis of the dynamic properties of the fluidic system [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Fluid in a Porous Transducer-Based Angular Accelerometer

Cheng

Wang

et al. 2017

Sensors

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This paper presents a theoretical model of the dynamics of liquid flow in an angular accelerometer comprising a porous transducer in a circular tube of liquid. Wave speed and dynamic permeability of the transducer are considered to describe the relation between angular acceleration and the differential pressure on the transducer. The permeability and streaming potential coupling coefficient of the transducer are determined in the experiments, and special prototypes are utilized to validate the theoretical model in both the frequency and time domains. The model is applied to analyze the influence of structural parameters on the frequency response and the transient response of the fluidic system. It is shown that the radius of the circular tube and the wave speed affect the low frequency gain, as well as the bandwidth of the sensor. The hydrodynamic resistance of the transducer and the cross-section radius of the circular tube can be used to control the transient performance.The proposed model provides the basic techniques to achieve the optimization of the angular accelerometer together with the methodology to control the wave speed and the hydrodynamic resistance of the transducer.

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Molecular Electric Transducers as Motion Sensors: A Review

Cited by 81 publications

References 23 publications

AC Equivalent Circuit Model of an Electrochemical Accelerometer for 3D Numerical Simulation in the Low-Frequency Range

AC Equivalent Circuit Model of an Electrochemical Accelerometer for 3D Numerical Simulation in the Low-Frequency Range

A Novel MEMS Gyro North Finder Design Based on the Rotation Modulation Technique

Dynamic Fluid in a Porous Transducer-Based Angular Accelerometer

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