Molecular epidemiology of rabies in the United States

Smith, Jean S.; Orciari, Lillian A.; Yager, Pamela A.

doi:10.1016/s1044-5773(05)80016-2

Cited by 111 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The same situation was discussed in Canadian bat RVs, especially in migratory bats. As for non-migratory bats, they tend to maintain species-specific RV variants that were further divided into the each sub-group associated with the geographical area of origin [13,19]. Thus, our findings that Brazilian bats have a tendency of that they maintain speciesspecific RV variants independently accord with the epidemiological studies of bat RVs in North America.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bat Rabies Viruses in Brazil

Kobayashi

Sato

Shoji

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A molecular epidemiological analysis was performed in 19 rabies viruses (RVs) isolated from haematophagous, frugivorous and insectivorous bats, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The authors carried out RT-PCR for amplification of the RV nucleoprotein (N) gene, and determined 1,335 nucleotide sequences of N gene by direct sequencing method. Phylogenetic analysis, which was based on the N gene of Brazilian RV isolates identified presently and previously, revealed that RVs isolated from bats were genetically divided into four lineages had a tendency to depend on the host bat species. Rabies viruses (RVs) isolated in Brazil belong to genotype 1 of genus lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Ito et al. [7,8] reported that main reservoirs of RVs were dogs and vampire bats and that the RVs were classified into dogrelated RVs and vampire bat-related RVs in Brazil. In some areas of Brazil, the rabies outbreaks by both dog-and batrelated RVs occurred at the same time [7]. RVs have been isolated from not only haematophagous bats but also frugivorous and insectivorous bats in Brazil. In Argentina, RVs isolated from frugivorous bats (Artibeus lituratus) were identified to be the variant of RV associated with haematophagous bats by use of the monoclonal antibody panels [4]. Recently we have demonstrated that RVs isolated from Brazilian frugivorous bats (Artibeus spp.) were phylogenetically characterized as the vampire bat-related RV [18].There are many reports of human cases on infection with insectivorous bat RVs, and the number of the cases tend to increase in North America [10][11][12]. In 2002, Favi et al. [5] reported that insectivorous bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) RV variant was isolated from a human patient in Chile. In Colombia and Venezuela insectivorous bat RV variants were also isolated from dogs and cats, which were main RVtransmitters to human [2,14]. Although some kinds of insectivorous bats have been diagnosed as RV-positive in Brazil, there have been no reports of the human case on infection with insectivorous bat RV variants until now. RVpositive insectivorous bats were, however, found in urban areas, and this fact has been considered as important problems in public health [1,6,17,21].As there is little information about the genetic characteristics of bat-related RVs in Brazil, authors determined nucleotide sequences on the N gene of RVs isolated from 9 Brazilian bat species. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed for the epidemiological study with the isolates identified previously. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viruses:In this study, 19 RVs were isolated from 3 haematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus), 1 frugivorous bat (Artibeus lituratus), 13 insectivorous bats (3 Nyctinomops laticaudatus, 2 Eumops auripendulus, 4 Eptesicus furinalis, 2 Molossus molossus, 1 Molossus abrasus and 1 Molossus rufus) and 2 unclassified bats, and their nucleoprotein gene sequences were determined. Brain materials from these bats were diagnosed as RV-positive by immunofluorescent antibody test (FAT) using a rabbit polyclonal anti-rabies nucle...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The existence of specific RV variants to the host bat species was reported in North America. In the United States, it was recognized that the genomes of bat RVs were exhibiting mutations characteristic to each host bat species [11,19,20]. The same situation was discussed in Canadian bat RVs, especially in migratory bats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bat Rabies Viruses in Brazil

Kobayashi

Sato

Shoji

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Regulations now in place in Texas and other states that prohibit translocation of certain wild animal species for hunting and other restocking purposes have reduced the likelihood of accidental introductions of rabies virus variants into unaffected areas. 1,6,7 Various public health activities, including vaccination of domestic livestock and companion animals, vaccination programs targeting wildlife, and ongoing education programs, have contributed to the reduction in transmission of rabies virus from terrestrial animals to human beings. 8 However, a number of rabies cases in human beings has resulted from infection with rabies virus variants that are associated with bats, 9,10 a wildlife group difficult to target for rabies control by conventional methods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,12 The spatial boundaries of enzootic rabies in reservoir species are temporally dynamic ( Figure 3). Affected areas may expand and contract through virus transmission and population interactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2004

Krebs¹,

Mandel²,

Swerdlow³

et al. 2005

javma

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“…Por essa razão, para a detecção do RABV por RT-PCR e para sua classificação, o gene N tem sido o alvo consensualmente utilizado (KAMOLVARIN et al, 1993;YAGER, 1995;DE MATTOS et al, 1996;ITO et al, 2001;FAVI et al, 2003;SCAGLIARINI et al, 2003;ROMIJN et al, 2003).…”

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Filogenia de vírus da raiva isolados de morcegos frugívoros do gênero Artibeus e relacionados a morcegos hematófagos com base nos genes codificadores da nucleoproteína N e glicoproteína G

Fahl¹

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Molecular epidemiology of rabies in the United States

Cited by 111 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bat Rabies Viruses in Brazil

Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bat Rabies Viruses in Brazil

Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2004

Filogenia de vírus da raiva isolados de morcegos frugívoros do gênero Artibeus e relacionados a morcegos hematófagos com base nos genes codificadores da nucleoproteína N e glicoproteína G

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