Molecular epidemiology of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated from cattle in Ethiopia between 1979-2001

Abstract

<span>Partial 1D gene characterization was used to study phylogenetic relationships between 17 serotype O foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viruses in Ethiopia as well as with other O-type isolates from Eritrea, Kenya, South and West Africa, the Middle East, Asia and South America. A homologous region of 495 bp corresponding to the C-terminus end of the 1D gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. This study described three lineages, <em>viz.</em> African/Middle East-Asia, Cathay and South American. Within lineage I, three topotypes were defined, viz. East and West Africa and the Middle East-Asia together with the South African isolate. The Ethiopian isolates clustered as part of topotype I, the East African topotype. Two clades (based on < 12% nucleotide difference) A and B were identified within the East African isolates, with clade A being further classified into three significant branches, A1 (80 % bootstrap support), A2 (89 % bootstrap support) and A3 (94 % bootstrap support). Clade B consisted of two Kenyan isolates. Within topotype I, the 17 Ethiopian isolates showed genetic heterogeneity between themselves with sequence differences ranging from 4.6-14 %. Lineage 2 and 3 could be equated to two significant topotypes, <em>viz.</em> Cathay and South America. Comparison of amino acid variability at the immunodominant sites between the vaccine strain (ETH/19/77) and other Ethiopian outbreak isolates revealed variations within these sites. These results encourage further work towards the reassessment of the type O vaccine strain currently being used in Ethiopia to provide protection against field variants of the virus.</span&gt

A study on sero prevalence of foot and mouth diseases in West and South West Shoa zones of Oromia regional state, central Ethiopia

“…The study was less prevalence with previous findings from Ethiopia (Sahle et al, 2004) in which seropositivity of 26.5% reported 21.0% in Borana pastoral system. The increased in prevalence from the previous study may be associated to pastoral production system that with nature of increased live stock movement result in high rate of contact between animals at common grazing places as well as at watering point (Rufael et al, 2007) The sero prevalence of South West Shoa Zone (22.0%) was higher as compared to west shoa zone (5.6%) (Table1).…”

Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and associated economic impact on Central Ethiopian cattle feedlots

“…On the other hand, the prevalence reported in this study is a higher value than previous reports of 8.18% (Molla et al, 2010) and 9.5% (Megersa et al, 2009) in South Ethiopia. The seropositivity finding of this study is lower than a record of 21% in the Borana pastoral area (Rufael et al, 2008) and 26.5% in the country (Sahle, 2004). The lower prevalence of FMD in the feedlots than in Borena pastoral system might be due to the fact that bulls were purchased based on their good body condition and health.…”

Risk factors for foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in indigenous cattle in Southern Ethiopia: the effect of production system

“…Roeder et al (1994 also detected serotype O more frequently (8 out of 10 outbreaks) and SAT2 from 2 outbreaks. O isolates over 22 year from the country had insignificant mean divergence percentage even with isolates from neighboring Kenya and Eritrea (Sahle et al 2004). This may suggest existence of cross border disease transmission.…”

“…However, this report might have not covered all of the potential areas of the country, and obviously underestimates the actual occurrence, morbidity and mortality rates. The trend of FMD incidence showed increasing by 1.3 to 1.5 folds since 1990 (Sahle et al 2004). Outbreaks have been frequently reported in pastoral areas with increasing tendency of occurrence in the highland areas (Bogale 2005).…”