Molecularly imprinted polymer in microextraction by packed sorbent for the simultaneous determination of local anesthetics: lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine in plasma and urine samples

Abstract

This study presents the use of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as packing material for microextraction by packed syringe (MEPS) to achieve higher extraction selectivity. Pentycaine was used as template for MIP. Development and validation of the determination of lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine in human plasma and urine samples utilizing MIP-MEPS and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were carried out. The MEPS MIP-cartridge could be used for 100 extractions before it was discarded. The extraction recovery ranged from 60 to 80%. The correlation coefficients values were >0.999 for all assays using lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine in the calibration range 5-2000 nmol/L. The accuracy of the studied compounds, given as a percentage variation from the nominal concentration values, ranged from -4.9 to 8.4% using plasma and urine samples. The between-batch precision, given as the relative standard deviation, at three different concentrations (quality control samples) was ranged from -4.7 to 14.0% and from 1.8 to 12.7% in plasma and urine, respectively. The lower limit of quantification and limit of detection of the studied substances were 5.0 and 1.0 nm, respectively.

Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS)

“…Möder and collaborators reported the use of custom-made MEPS BINs packed with MIPs for different wastewater contaminants [18,26,32], and Daryanavard et al [61] use the same approach to analyze different anesthetics in plasma and urine. In another report, carbon nanotubes have been combined with MEPS extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis to allow the analysis of trace levels of ionic liquids in river water samples [46].…”

“…The lack of selectivity is the main problem with the use of common sorbents in MEPS. To overcome this problem, molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs) with highly specific recognition abilities for target molecules were found to be appropriate [26,32,61].…”

Three-phase molecularly imprinted sol–gel based hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for enrichment and selective determination of a tentative lung cancer biomarker

“…ME was calculated by comparing the peak areas of analytes between the samples [376], which were post-spiked to dry extracted blank human plasma, urine, and standard solutions at low, medium, and high QC samples concentrations (n=5). Results showed that the matrix has no effect on the quantification results in this technique (Table 4).…”

Solid Phase Microextraction and Related Techniques for Drugs in Biological Samples

“…The matrix effect (ME) for these substances ranged from 50% to 146% using protein precipitation while it was less than 20% using MIP-MEPS. This suggests that cleaner extracted samples can be obtained with MEPS and that matrix related problems can be reduced [147]. In comparison with conventional SPE, the MEPS method can handle smaller sample volumes (10–100  μ L).…”