Molten salt synthesis of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramic powders

Application of the Sol-Gel Method at the Fabrication of PLZT:Yb3+ Ceramics

“…As a result, the PLZT ceramic materials have been widely used over recent decades for optical sensor and actuator devices. The PLZT powders were prepared using various methods: by a solid-state reaction process using oxides as starting materials [5], by a sol-gel method [6], by chemical coprecipitation [7], by hydrothermal reaction [8], by molten salt synthesis [9] and by a high-energy ball milling process [10].…”

Mass transfer kinetics of lanthanum (III) extraction in the presence of two complexing agents by D2EHPA using a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow

“…La (III) as a pure element or in association with other compounds has been widely applied in the super alloys, catalysts, special ceramics, and in organic synthesis (Awwad et al, 2010). La (III) is also used in many industries such as semi-conductor and ceramic industries (Cai et al, 2008;Triyoso et al, 2008) and the effluents emanating from these industries are often associated with high concentrations of lanthanum (Das et al, 2014).…”

Synthesis of Ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 by MSS (Molten Salt Synthesis) Method

“…The ferroelectric ceramic powders are synthesized trough conventional solid -state method which needs high calcination temperature and repeated grindings (Lu et al, 2010). In order to eliminate these defects, the wet chemical synthesis techniques have been developed, for instance hydrothermal method (Cho et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2009), sol -gel method (Xu et al, 2006;Mercadelli et al, 2008), and molten salt method (Zeng et al, 2007;Li et al, 2009). But the hydrothermal and sol -gel synthesis are usually long and complex processes, use hazardous solvents such as 2-methoxyethanol, and result in agglomerated particles (Bortolani & Dorey, 2010).…”

“…Finally, the salt should not react with the starting materials or the product (Bortolani & Dorey, 2010;Hao et al, 2007). MSS has been used to form various ceramic powders such as niobates relaxors (Yoon et al, 1998), Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (Kan et al, 2003), ZnTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 (Zhabrev et al, 2008) and Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (Cai et al, 2008;Bortolani & Dorey, 2010 (Zaremba, 2008 Stojanović et al, 2008). In general formula m represents the number of octahedra stacked along the direction perpendicular to the sheets, and A and B are the 12-and 6-fold coordination sites of perovskite slab, respectively.…”