Monitoring armed non-state actor compliance with humanitarian norms: a look at international mechanisms and the Geneva Call <i>Deed of Commitment</i>

Bongard, Pascal; Somer, Jonathan

doi:10.1017/s1816383112000197

Cited by 49 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…By 2019, Geneva Call had signed 65 deeds of commitment with nonstate armed groups in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, with 54 of these banning totally the use of antipersonnel mines and committing to cooperation on mine action (Geneva Call 2020). Bongard and Somer (2011) found that compliance with these agreements has been good. Only one case revealed conclusive evidence of violation of the prohibition on the use, production, acquisition and transfer of antipersonnel mines.…”

Section: Self-incapacitation In Asymmetric Warfarementioning

confidence: 85%

“…The symbolism here is about Geneva Call's work as a remedy to the deficiency in international humanitarian law that enforcement mechanisms and implementation obligations rest in the hands of states. Bongard and Somer (2011) concluded that signatory nonstate armed groups have been quite responsive to investigations of allegations of noncompliance with deeds of commitment, conducting their own investigations, allowing field visits by third-party monitors and agreeing to recommendations of third-party investigations for coming into compliance. The argument of this chapter as to why nonstate armed groups would do this is that they seek to build international legitimacy if and when the time comes for a diplomacy of negotiated resolution of their grievances or an end to their war.…”

Section: Self-incapacitation In Asymmetric Warfarementioning

confidence: 99%

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Macrocriminology and Freedom

Braithwaite

2022

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A true magnum opus, Macrocriminology and Freedom is a thought provoking and generative book from one of criminology's intellectual giants. John Braithwaite reaches far and wide across societies, time, and disciplines to advance no less than a theory of how to build a society that simultaneously reduces both domination and crime. His ambitious ideas on cascades of non-dominating collective efficacy and crime prevention, for example, and their connections to social movements and political freedom, go well beyond usual criminological discourse. Chock full of theoretical propositions and bold insights, this a book that will keep criminologists busy for years. Macrocriminology and Freedom should not just be read, but better yet, savoured.' -Robert J. Sampson, Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences, Harvard University 'In this majestic theorisation of the relationship between crime and freedom John Braithwaite isolates the unique power of macrocriminology as a lens through which to comprehend and challenge many of the fundamental crises facing our planet. Very few scholars have the breadth and overview to succeed in a mission of this order … Braithwaite does. This extraordinary book is an object lesson for all who seek to understand and resist domination and the crimes of power that flow from it.' -Penny Green, Professor of Law and Globalisation, Queen Mary University of London 'For over 40 years, John Braithwaite has been a voice of wisdom, hope and humanity in criminology. This dazzling new book weaves together all the main themes of his influential work, reanimating many of the core concepts of the discipline, as well as incorporating interdisciplinary resources from south and north, east and west, to produce an elegant and ambitious explanatory and normative account of crime as freedom-threatening domination. Decentring criminal justice as the solution to crime, Braithwaite shows that, on a global scale, the aspiration to tackle crimes, ranging from interpersonal violence through corporate crimes to ecocide, lies in the development of freedom-enhancing, power-tempering institutions in the political, economic and social spheres.' -Nicola Lacey, Professor of Law, Gender and Social Policy, London School of Economics 'Macrocriminology and Freedom is a criminological epic, an expansive and erudite story that sweeps across history and contexts. The book is frightening in showing how cascading events can produce catastrophes from crime to environmental destruction. But in the end, its message is hopeful, identifying pathways-or "normative rivers"-for guiding freedom from domination and crime. Drawing on his distinguished career, John Braithwaite has bestowed an extraordinary gift-a book, like other masterpieces, that will yield special insights each time we take an excursion through its pages.' -

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Section: Self-incapacitation In Asymmetric Warfarementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Self-incapacitation In Asymmetric Warfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Macrocriminology and Freedom

Braithwaite

2022

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“…Most conflicts today are fought against armed non-state actors, i.e., terrorist groups, insurgencies, and criminal organizations. 1 The international community is limited in policing non-state actors’ actions (Bongard and Somer 2011 ). This further complicates security situations: state actions are monitored and constrained, but non-state actors are not.…”

Section: When International Law Challenges Security and Identity Assu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critical Masses: The Rise of Contemporary Populism and Its Relation to Solidarity, Systems, and Lifeworlds

Jaster

Swed

Frère

2022

Soc

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This paper examines the contemporary spread of populism across the globe. We argue that populist movements worldwide are responses to the colonization of lifeworlds by increasingly opaque knowledge and regulatory systems. The complexity of the systems that regulate and control the day-to-day life of individuals from afar makes these systems alien and incomprehensible, and consequently perceived as illogical and oppressive. To regain a sense of autonomy, actors have reasserted a way of thinking and acting contrary to the organic web of global interdependence, seeking independence from communities outside the known lifeworld via revitalized community control and an emphasis upon qualities resembling mechanical solidarity. We evidence this claim by comparing two contemporary phenomena which seem to be distinct events until interpreted in this way: movements against international humanitarian law and the French Gilets Jaunes. We conclude by discussing the implications for those interested in contemporary populist events in the USA and abroad and the role of scientists in communicating our findings.

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“…74 While there is no guarantee that deeds of commitment will be complied with, it is notable that Geneva Call has rarely encountered non-compliance in its work. 75 Armed groups are also being encouraged to create internal regulations in the form of codes of conduct defining the type of behaviour that the leadership expects from its members. 76 Although these efforts have borne fruit, sometimes when an armed group adopts humanitarian norms, the integrity of the norms are lost during the internalisation process.…”

Section: Towards An Accountability Of Armed Groups?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…https://www.icrc.org/en/document/conflict-disaster-crisis-UN-redcross-issue-warning. Accessed 29 June 2017; see alsoUN Security Council (2016a), paras 3, 4 and 9.3 See for example Zegveld 2002; Sivakumaran 2012; Murray 2016; Fortin 2017.4 See for exampleBangerter 2011Bangerter , 2015Bellal and Casey-Maslen 2011;Bongard and Somer 2011, Heffes andKotlik 2014;Sassòli 2010; Sivakumaran 2015. 158 K. Fortin…”

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confidence: 99%

Armed Groups and Procedural Accountability: A Roadmap for Further Thought

Fortin

2017

Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law

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This chapter investigates the meaning of the term "accountability", as it is used in policy discussions surrounding armed groups. It takes a detailed look at literature from public administration on the concept of procedural accountability and applies it to the various accountability mechanisms that evaluate the conduct of armed groups against international norms. In doing so, the chapter points out some of the shortcomings of some of these accountability mechanisms. It ends by examining some of the more innovative accountability models, such as the process created by Geneva Call and the ad hoc processes created by the UNAMA field office in Afghanistan vis-à-vis the Taliban.

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Monitoring armed non-state actor compliance with humanitarian norms: a look at international mechanisms and the Geneva Call Deed of Commitment

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Macrocriminology and Freedom

Macrocriminology and Freedom

The Critical Masses: The Rise of Contemporary Populism and Its Relation to Solidarity, Systems, and Lifeworlds

Armed Groups and Procedural Accountability: A Roadmap for Further Thought

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