Monitoring Regional-Scale Surface Deformation of the Continuous Permafrost in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau with Time-Series InSAR Analysis

Xu, Zhida; Jiang, Liming; Niu, Fujun; Guo, Rui; Huang, Ronggang; Zhou, Zhiwei; Jiao, Zhiping

doi:10.3390/rs14132987

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The DInSAR idea is to form an interferometric pair of two radar images before and after deformation in the same area with different time phases, and to obtain the deformation information by removing the interferometric phases generated by the terrain using a known external DEM of the same area. The main steps include: Image pair alignment, interferogram generation, simulated decoupling of terrain phases, extraction of deformation phases, geocoding, etc (Xu et al, 2022). Figure 4 shows the processing flow of DInSAR technology to extract the surface deformation area of the mine.…”

Section: Dinsar Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on monitoring and stability evaluation of ground subsidence in gypsum mine goaf

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The geological disasters caused by the ground deformation of the goaf have brought huge security risks to the ecological environment and society. Therefore, it is imminent to realize the effective monitoring and stability analysis of the ground deformation of the goaf. In this paper, taking the goaf of the gypsum mine in Diaodao District, Jingmen City as an example, through the investigation of the overall structure and distribution characteristics of the gypsum goaf, combined with the mechanical parameters of the rock mass selected from the site, the InSAR and GNSS technology are used to analyze the ground of the goaf of the gypsum mine. Deformation monitoring is carried out to give full play to the advantages of InSAR monitoring with high vertical accuracy and GNSS monitoring with high horizontal accuracy. Analyzed the thickness conditions of the mined-out area of pillar, roof and overlying rock, established the numerical model of the goaf, and used FLAC (3D) to carry out numerical simulation on this basis to evaluate the stability of the goaf. The research shows that two subsidence areas and three deformation areas were deciphered by DInSAR and time series InSAR, respectively, and the deep buried areas in the goaf were monitored by GNSS. The surface deformation is dominated by horizontal displacement, and the direction of horizontal displacement is the whole points to the goaf. Finally, based on the conclusion that the gob is in different degrees of deformation, the stability of the gob is analyzed, and the area of surface subsidence is obtained by FLAC (3D) simulation.

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Section: Dinsar Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on monitoring and stability evaluation of ground subsidence in gypsum mine goaf

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…LiCSAR, an acronym for looking into continents from space with synthetic aperture radar, is a sophisticated operating system specially designed for the large-scale interferometric processing of Sentinel-1 data [41]. It is designed to automatically generate unwrapped and geocoded interferograms, as well as coherence coefficient maps, with a spatial resolution of 0.001 • (about 110 m at the equator) in the WGS-84 coordinate system [47,52]. The LiCSAR processing chain uses a variety of custom tools and algorithms source codes for the core processing functions, which are based on the advanced commercial SAR processing software, GAMMA (https://www.gamma-rs.ch/software, accessed on 26 July 2023), and consist of four main processes, i.e., Preparation of Frame Epoch SLC, Resampling to RSLC, Formation of Differential Interferograms, and Unwrapping Interferograms [42].…”

Section: Surface Uplift or Settlement Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, LiCSBAS supports the use of the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service (GACOS) for InSAR for atmospheric phase removal [45,46]. Considerable results have been achieved based on the research and application of LiCSAR products and LiCSBAS tools [47][48][49][50][51], including work in permafrost regions [52]. By leveraging these technological advancements, the pressure of traditional desktop-side data processing can be reduced, and the efficiency and accuracy of InSAR processing can be improved, paving the way for future research and practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study on InSAR-Based Uplift or Subsidence Monitoring and Stability Evaluation of Ground Surface in the Permafrost Zone of the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor, China

Chen

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Against the background of global warming, permafrost areas are facing increasing thawing, and the threat to the surface of the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) is serious. It is imperative to understand the current surface deformation and analyze the changes spatiotemporal characteristics for future warnings. At present, observation of a long time series and overall coverage of vertical ground deformation in QTEC are lacking. This paper takes the permafrost deformation of the QTEC as its research object. It uses the pretreated LiCSAR product and combines it with the LiCSBAS package to obtain monitoring results of the long time series deformation of the engineering corridor’s surface. The SAR image acquisition date is taken as the constraint, the results covering the whole processing area are selected, and then the vertical deformation information covering the entire engineering corridor area by ignoring the north–south displacement is calculated. The results show that the surface of the study area, as a whole, slightly subsided between May 2017 and March 2022, and the vertical deformation rate was mostly distributed at −27.068 mm/yr − 18.586 mm/yr, with an average of −1.06 mm/yr. Vertical deformation dominated at 52.84 percent of the study area, of which settlement accounted for 27.57 percent and uplift accounted for 25.27 percent. According to the statistics of the normal distribution of deformation velocity per pixel, a total of 77% of the engineering corridor was stable, with a vertical deformation rate between −6.964 mm/yr and −4.844 mm/yr, and 17.7% of the region was sub-stable, with a settling rate of −12.868 mm/yr − –6.964 mm/yr. The unstable regions included areas with settlement rates greater than 12.868 mm/yr and uplift rates greater than 10.748 mm/yr, representing 4.4 percent and 0.9 percent of the total area, respectively, for a total of 5.3 percent. The results of this paper can be used as the theoretical basis and as basic data for decision making and scientific research in various departments, and they are of great significance for surface stability assessment and early warnings along engineering corridors and traffic projects.

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“…Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) is an efficient approach for investigating large-scale displacement of the permafrost. Multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) techniques, such as persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) [ 13 ], and the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) method [ 14 ], have been developed to monitor spatio-temporal seasonal freeze-thaw deformations and estimate the active layer thickness (ALT) of the permafrost on the QTP [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In these studies, deformation monitoring of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, and their surrounding permafrost regions was carried out using multi-source SAR data and various MT-InSAR methods with different spatio-temporal scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Permafrost Degradation in the Tuotuo River Basin by MT-InSAR and LSTM Methods

Ping

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Permafrost degradation can significantly affect vegetation, infrastructure, and sustainable development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The permafrost on the QTP faces a risk of widespread degradation due to climate change and ecosystem disturbances; thus, monitoring its changes is critical. In this study, we conducted a permafrost surface deformation prediction over the Tuotuo River tributary watershed in the southwestern part of the QTP using the Long Short-Term Memory model (LSTM). The LSTM model was applied to the deformation information derived from a time series of Multi-Temporal Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (MT-InSAR). First, we designed a quadtree segmentation-based Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) to monitor the seasonal permafrost deformation from March 2017 to April 2022. Then, the types of frozen soil were classified using the spatio-temporal deformation information and the temperature at the top of the permafrost. Finally, the time-series deformation trends of different types of permafrost were predicted using the LSTM model. The results showed that the deformation rates in the Tuotuo River Basin ranged between −80 to 60 mm/yr. Permafrost, seasonally frozen ground, and potentially degraded permafrost covered 7572.23, 900.87, and 921.70 km2, respectively. The LSTM model achieved high precision for frozen soil deformation prediction at the point scale, with a root mean square error of 4.457 mm and mean absolute error of 3.421 mm. The results demonstrated that deformation monitoring and prediction using MT-InSAR technology integrated with the LSTM model can be used to accurately identify types of permafrost over a large region and quantitatively evaluate its degradation trends.

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Monitoring Regional-Scale Surface Deformation of the Continuous Permafrost in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau with Time-Series InSAR Analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Research on monitoring and stability evaluation of ground subsidence in gypsum mine goaf

Research on monitoring and stability evaluation of ground subsidence in gypsum mine goaf

Preliminary Study on InSAR-Based Uplift or Subsidence Monitoring and Stability Evaluation of Ground Surface in the Permafrost Zone of the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor, China

Evaluating Permafrost Degradation in the Tuotuo River Basin by MT-InSAR and LSTM Methods

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