Monoglycerides: Categories, Structures, Properties, Preparations, and Applications in the Food Industry

Miao, Song; Lin, Duanquan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.21595-3

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Sunflower Hydrowax 6607H (SHW, high-melting point: 65−71 • C, mainly comprised of long-chain (C 20 -C 28 ) fatty alcohols and fatty acids, and a small amount of non-hydrolyzed esters) and Berry Wax 6290 (BW, low-melting point: 48−54 • C, composed by free fatty acids (C 16 -C 18 ) mostly esterified to a glycerol backbone [12]) were kindly provided by from Kahl GmbH & Co, KG (Trittau, Germany). Glycerol monostearate (GMS, comprised of saturated long-chain fatty acid (C 18 ) esterified to a glycerol backbone [13,45]) (purity > 95.0%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA, USA). All other chemical and solvents were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Properties of Mixed-Component Oleogels: Wax and Monoglyceride Interactions Towards Flaxseed Oil Structuring

Barroso

Okuro

Ribeiro

et al. 2020

Gels

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The combination of oleogelators in oil structuring has an untapped potential, since effective pairs have usually been found by serendipity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the combination of berry (BEW) or sunflower wax (SHW) with glycerol monostearate (GMS) in flaxseed oil (FXO) at 5 and 25 °C. The thermal and mechanical properties, microstructure, and stability of oleogels were investigated. Self-standing and translucent gels were obtained from BEW in FXO. However, the mixture BEW:GMS resulted in a decrease of dynamic moduli. Moreover, changes in the crystal network and a reduction of oil binding capacity were noticed. Thus, the GMS prevented the complete organization of BEW in polyunsaturated chains of FXO. Conversely, a positive interaction was found for GMS:SHW, since both alone were not able to impart the structure in FXO. Interestingly, gel was formed with improved properties, even with a small addition of GMS, although an ideal ratio of 1:1 (GMS50:50SHW) was found. Oxidative stability analysis showed that all gels resembled the behavior of liquid oil (~12.00 meqO2/kg) over 30 days storage. Therefore, semi-solid systems with nutritional and techno-functional claims were created by using waxes and fatty-acid derivative oleogelator in a rational fashion; this opened the opportunity to tailor oleogel properties.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Properties of Mixed-Component Oleogels: Wax and Monoglyceride Interactions Towards Flaxseed Oil Structuring

Barroso

Okuro

Ribeiro

et al. 2020

Gels

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“…Based on the length of the acyl groups on the glycerol, monoglycerides can be categorized into medium-and long-chain monoglycerides. Monoglycerides with the carbon chain length ranging from 8 to 14 atoms in the acyl groups are considered as medium-chain monoglycerides, for example, monocaprylin, monolaurin, monocaprin, and monomiristine [3]. Meanwhile, monoglycerides with a carbon chain length greater than 14 atoms are classified as long-chain monoglycerides.…”

Section: Chemical Structure and Classification Of Monoglyceridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amphiphilic properties of monoglyceride are used as an emulsifier and antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-arteriosclerosis agent [1,2]. Monoglycerides are also widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, detergents, and plasticizer industries [3]. Amphiphilic properties of monoglycerides are similar to the amphiphilic properties of polyene that have been proven to have antifungal properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoglycerides as an Antifungal Agent

Nitbani¹,

Jumina²

2020

Apolipoproteins, Triglycerides and Cholesterol

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Monoglyceride is a part of a lipid group compound. As a derivative of triglycerides, monoglycerides could be produced from renewable resources like fat or vegetable oils. Structurally, monoglyceride has lipophilic and hydrophilic properties in its molecule. Lipophilic properties could be donated by an acyl group from fatty acid and hydrophilic properties from two hydroxyl residues. Therefore, it was referred to as an organic amphiphilic compound. Monoglycerides have potency as antifungal agents. Based on its chemical structure, monoglyceride allows to bind to lipid bilayer and other components on the cell membrane of fungal microorganism and damage it. In this chapter, we will describe the structure and classification, physical and chemical properties, as well as reaction path synthesis of monoglyceride from vegetable oils and mechanism of action of monoglyceride as antifungal agents.

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“…The catalyst simply accelerates the reaction by directing OH groups to MAG formation. The reaction can be carried out with either of two methods: chemical synthesis (using acid, basic, or metal oxide catalysts), or enzymatic synthesis (using lipase catalysts) [5]. Compared to chemical synthesis, enzymatic synthesis has several advantages including mild reaction conditions, higher yields and lower energy consumption [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to chemical synthesis, enzymatic synthesis has several advantages including mild reaction conditions, higher yields and lower energy consumption [6]. However, enzymatic synthesis is more complex, time-consuming, expensive and the enzymes are difficult to separate from the product [2,5]. In contrast, chemical synthesis has a short reaction period [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerolysis Using Kf/Cao-Mgo Catalyst: Optimisation and Reaction Kinetics

et al. 2020

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Monoglycerides can be produced through glycerolysis using a heterogeneous catalyst. The purpose of this study is to analyse the optimum conditions for the production of monoglycerides from glycerol and cooking oil using KF/CaO-MgO base catalysts and to investigate the kinetics of the monoglyceride glycerolysis reaction. The response surface method (RSM) was used to determine the favourable conditions by varying the catalyst amount (X1) between 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (w/w); the reaction temperature (X2) between 210, 220 and 230°C and reaction time (X3) between 2, 3 and 4 hours. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the monoglycerides, while catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The results showed that, among the three factors examined, temperature shows the most control over this glycerolysis reaction. The most favourable conditions are X1 = 0.19% (w/w), X2 = 208.37°C and X3 = 3.20 hours, which provide a monoglyceride yield of 41.58%. The constants for the reaction kinetics of the monoglyceride formation, k1 and k2 are 1.04189 and 0.88965 hour-1, respectively.

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Monoglycerides: Categories, Structures, Properties, Preparations, and Applications in the Food Industry

Cited by 17 publications

References 99 publications

Tailoring Properties of Mixed-Component Oleogels: Wax and Monoglyceride Interactions Towards Flaxseed Oil Structuring

Tailoring Properties of Mixed-Component Oleogels: Wax and Monoglyceride Interactions Towards Flaxseed Oil Structuring

Monoglycerides as an Antifungal Agent

Glycerolysis Using Kf/Cao-Mgo Catalyst: Optimisation and Reaction Kinetics

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