Mood impedes monitoring of emotional false memories: evidence for the associative theories

Zhang, Weiwei; Gross, Julien; Hayne, Harlene

doi:10.1080/09658211.2018.1498107

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Consistent with prior research (Brainerd et al, 2010; Brainerd, Reyna, & Ceci, 2008; Howe et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2019b), both age groups in the present experiment exhibited a higher rate of false memory for negative lists than for positive or neutral lists. This finding can be accounted for by FTT and AAT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Investigating the combined effects of emotional valence and mood on age-related changes in false memory provides an opportunity to test different predictions based on AAT and FTT. When it comes to mood, Bower’s (1981) network theory is often combined with AAT to explain the mood-congruent false memory effect (e.g., Knott & Thorley, 2014; Ruci et al, 2009; Zhang et al, 2019b). According to the network theory of mood, a given mood (e.g., sadness) is represented as a node in memory that links relevant attributes such as words and concepts (e.g., tears, sorrow, upset, etc.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When arousal of emotional lists is well controlled, research in young adults has consistently shown that false memory is more likely to occur when the semantically related words are negatively charged compared to when they are positively charged or neutral (e.g., Brainerd, Holliday, Reyna, Yang, & Toglia, 2010; Brainerd, Stein, Silveira, Rohenkohl, & Reyna, 2008; Howe, Candel, Otgaar, Malone, & Wimmer, 2010; Zhang, Gross, & Hayne, 2019b). Taken together, the simple conclusion that we can draw from the literature at this stage is that there may be an age-related difference in the effect of emotional words on DRM false memory between young and older adults, but arousal may also play a role.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An age-related positivity effect in semantic true memory but not false memory.

Zhang¹,

Gross

Hayne

2021

Emotion

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The positivity effect in older adults (i.e., over 60 years old) has been demonstrated across a wide range of stimuli with a wide range of experimental paradigms that are designed to assess memory; however, very little research has investigated the positivity effect in semantic memory. The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm is one of the best procedures to investigate age-related changes in the key cognitive mechanisms of semantic memory, including associative activation and gist extraction. Here we used the DRM paradigm to investigate whether mood, particularly positive mood, at the time of encoding would influence age-related differences in semantic memory in younger and older adults. Participants were induced into a positive, negative, or neutral mood and were then presented with word lists consisting of positive, negative, or neutral words. Older relative to younger adults exhibited higher true recognition for positive over negative words, but this pattern was not shown in false recognition. When participants were induced in positive moods, older adults exhibited more false recognition than did young adults. The age-related difference in false recognition, however, had nothing to do with the valence of information. Taken together, these findings support Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, a life span theory of motivation, and Fuzzy-Trace Theory, a dual-process theory of false memory, as well as the assumptions regarding the impact of mood on information processing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An age-related positivity effect in semantic true memory but not false memory.

Zhang¹,

Gross

Hayne

2021

Emotion

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“…This effect warrants close attention, given that researchers typically measure MCM in terms of improved memory accuracy (when tested as such in encoding-retrieval paradigms). Yet, a number of studies have consistently demonstrated the presence of mood-congruent false memory specifically in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm (Deese, 1959;Roediger & McDermott, 1995), whereby participants falsely recognize semantically related, mood-congruent lures when tested on a series of previously encoded word lists (Bland et al, 2016;Knott & Thorley, 2014;Ruci et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2017Zhang et al, , 2019. In these experiments, mood induction occurs prior to encoding, followed by listening to or reading several lists of closely related words (e.g., horror, scream, monster, panic, fright).…”

Section: Mood-congruent False Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood-congruent memory revisited.

Faul¹,

LaBar²

2023

Psychological Review

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Affective experiences are commonly represented by either transient emotional reactions to discrete events or longer term, sustained mood states that are characterized by a more diffuse and global nature. While both have considerable influence in shaping memory, their interaction can produce mood-congruent memory (MCM), a psychological phenomenon where emotional memory is biased toward content affectively congruent with a past or current mood. The study of MCM has direct implications for understanding how memory biases form in daily life, as well as debilitating negative memory schemas that contribute to mood disorders such as depression. To elucidate the factors that influence the presence and strength of MCM, here we systematically review the literature for studies that assessed MCM by inducing mood in healthy participants. We observe that MCM is often reported as enhanced accuracy for previously encoded mood-congruent content or preferential recall for mood-congruent autobiographical events, but may also manifest as false memory for mood-congruent lures. We discuss the relevant conditions that shape these effects, as well as instances of mood-incongruent recall that facilitate mood repair. Further, we provide guiding methodological and theoretical considerations, emphasizing the limited neuroimaging research in this area and the need for a renewed focus on memory consolidation. Accordingly, we propose a theoretical framework for studying the neural basis of MCM based on the neurobiological underpinnings of mood and emotion. In doing so, we review evidence for associative network models of spreading activation, while also considering alternative models informed by the cognitive neuroscience literature of emotional memory bias.

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“…Crucially, this mistiming of SW- spindles was not related to overnight memory procedural consolidation. Indeed, previous studies manipulating SW-spindles either through medication or transcranial stimulation, have shown only benefits for verbal and declarative memory consolidation [61, 62] but not procedural memory consolidation [63]. Thus, such changes might relate more to structural changes in hippocampal-cortical networks [26,59,64–66] related to degradation in patients than as a direct proxy for memory consolidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-REM sleep in major depressive disorder

Bovy

Weber

Dresler

2021

Preprint

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Disturbed sleep is a key symptom in major depressive disorder (MDD). REM sleep alterations are well described in the current literature, but little is known about non-REM sleep alterations. Additionally, sleep disturbances relate to a variety of cognitive symptoms in MDD, but which features of non-REM sleep EEG contribute to this, remains unknown. We comprehensively analyzed non-REM sleep EEG features in three independently collected datasets (N=284). These included MDD patients with a broad age range, varying duration and severity of depression, unmedicated or medicated, age- and gender-matched to healthy controls. We explored changes in sleep architecture including sleep stages and cycles, spectral power, sleep spindles, slow waves (SW), and SW-spindle coupling. Next, we analyzed the association of these sleep features with acute measures of depression severity and overnight consolidation of procedural memory. Overall, no major systematic alterations in non-REM sleep architecture were found in patients compared to controls. For the microstructure of non-REM sleep, we observed a higher spindle amplitude in unmedicated patients compared to controls, and after the start of antidepressant medication longer SWs with lower amplitude and a more dispersed SW-spindle coupling. In addition, long-term, but not short-term medication seemed to lower spindle density. Overnight procedural memory consolidation was impaired in medicated patients and associated with lower sleep spindle density. Our results suggest that alterations in non-REM sleep EEG might be more subtle than previously reported. We discuss these findings in the context of antidepressant medication intake and age.

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Mood impedes monitoring of emotional false memories: evidence for the associative theories

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

An age-related positivity effect in semantic true memory but not false memory.

An age-related positivity effect in semantic true memory but not false memory.

Mood-congruent memory revisited.

Non-REM sleep in major depressive disorder

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