Morphological Adaptation of Rat Femora to Different Mechanical Environments

Matsumura, Akiyoshi; Okada, Morihiko; Takahashi, Yutaka

doi:10.1007/0-387-29798-7_9

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This loading force is assumed to occur in a similar direction to the body mass loading along the gravitational line, which depends on the type of activity that is being engaged in, and produces no discrepancy with the superior/inferior ratio data of leapers or climbers. Measurements of experimental rat femora have shown that muscle contracting forces along with gravitational force can alter bone morphology markedly in ways that correspond with the modes of locomotion (Matsumura et al 2006). The direction of I max and the cortical thickening at the SA part of the femoral neck cross-section that was observed thus correspond with the various forms of locomotion that are adopted by wild chimpanzees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The polar moment of inertia (I p ) correlates with the strength of the femoral neck against torsional loads. The Section Index (SI) is an indicator of the flatness of the cross section (Matsumura et al 2006), which is calculated as follows:…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We took the measurements at each of the 8 points where the 4 lines and the periosteal surface of the cross section intersected. We measured the distance from the periosteal to the endosteal surfaces of the bone tangentially at each of the 8 points and termed it the cortical thickness (Matsumura et al 2006). We compared the cortical thickness measurements of the 8 portions statistically via the Student's t-test and then the Tukey-Kramer HSD test.…”

Section: Base Planementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The configuration of the proximal femoral diaphysis indicates its mechanical structural strength and clearly reflects the mode of locomotion (Harmon 2007;Kalmey and Lovejoy 2002;Matsumura et al 2002Matsumura et al , 2006. In humans, the thickness of the inferior cortex of the femoral neck is markedly greater than that of the superior cortex (Lovejoy 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Sectional Morphology of the Femoral Neck of Wild Chimpanzees

et al. 2010

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To understand the mechanical effects of different modes of locomotion on the femoral neck of chimpanzees, we investigated the cross-sectional morphology of the femoral neck of 4 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) collected from the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. We performed serial computed tomography (CT) scans of the neck from the femoral head to the base of the neck perpendicular to the long axis of the neck. We measured the cortical thickness of the serial 5 cross sections of the neck region every 45°around the circumference, i.e., 8 points per section, and examined the cross-sectional properties of the mid-section. When we compared the superior and inferior parts of the cortical thickness of the femoral neck, the inferior part exhibited the greatest cortical thickness whereas the superior part had the smallest values in every specimen. Researchers have also observed such regional differences between superior and inferior cortical thicknesses in bipedal humans and other primates, although these differences are not as large in the chimpanzee as in bipedal hominini. The present study differed from the past study on hominini and chimpanzees in that the superior anterior (SA) part exhibited greater cortical thickness in chimpanzees. We believe these observations reflect the structural strengthening of parts of the chimpanzee femoral neck that is needed to accommodate the mechanical loads imposed by arboreal vertical climbing and terrestrial quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Base Planementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Sectional Morphology of the Femoral Neck of Wild Chimpanzees

et al. 2010

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“…This significant difference between humans and nonhuman primates probably reflects the different modes of locomotion, i.e., bipedalism versus quadrupedalism. Matsumura et al (1995) showed that CtBA/PrA ratio of rat femur under the condition of a hindlimb suspended became significantly smaller than that of the control rats, with the retention of medullary cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bone mineral density in chimpanzees, humans, and Japanese macaques

2003

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We performed a comparative study of bone mechanical properties in the radii of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), humans (Homo sapiens), and Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. We investigated: (1) cortical bone area relative to the total periosteal area (PrA); (2) trabecular bone area relative to PrA; (3) cortical bone density; and (4) trabecular bone density. The cortical bone area index for chimpanzees was almost the same as that of Japanese macaques, whereas the equivalent value in humans was about the two-fifths that of the others. Values for the other three properties were constant among these three catarrhine species. Chimpanzees do not particularly resemble humans, but are more similar to digitigrade macaques in terms of bone properties. The constant trabecular bone area index and trabecular density value in these species may suggest that a certain amount of trabecular bone (20-30% of total bone area at the distal 4% level of the forearm) is necessary to achieve normal bone turnover. The physiological metabolism of bone, including cortical bone density, might be conserved in these catarrhines.

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Morphological Adaptation of Rat Femora to Different Mechanical Environments

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Cross-Sectional Morphology of the Femoral Neck of Wild Chimpanzees

Cross-Sectional Morphology of the Femoral Neck of Wild Chimpanzees

Bone mineral density in chimpanzees, humans, and Japanese macaques

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