Morphological and Biological Characteristics of the M-P Strain of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

Ofodile, A.; Padnos, Morton; Molomut, Norman; Duffy, John L.

doi:10.1128/iai.7.2.309-312.1973

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Fifteen years later, another group treated mice with LCMV and found that it potentiated the chemotherapeutic effects of 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU) (46). These observations with LCMV and similar studies with the MP virus (47), which is antigenically, morphologically and serologically considered to be a strain of LCMV (48), led to the treatment of cancer patients with the MP virus in the 1970s. Three patients with far-advanced lymphoma were intravenously treated with a single dose of the MP virus.…”

Section: Arenaviruses As Anti-tumor Agentsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Arenaviruses: Old viruses present new solutions for cancer therapy

et al. 2023

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Viral-based cancer therapies have tremendous potential, especially in the context of treating poorly infiltrated cold tumors. However, in tumors with intact anti-viral interferon (IFN) pathways, while some oncolytic viruses induce strong innate and adaptive immune responses, they are neutralized before exerting their therapeutic effect. Arenaviruses, particularly the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a noncytopathic virus with preferential cancer tropism and evolutionary mechanisms to escape the immune system for longer and to block early clearance. These escape mechanisms include inhibition of the MAVS dependent IFN pathway and spike protein antigen masking. Regarding its potential for cancer treatment, LCMV is therefore able to elicit long-term responses within the tumor microenvironment (TME), boost anti-tumor immune responses and polarize poorly infiltrating tumors towards a hot phenotype. Other arenaviruses including the attenuated Junin virus vaccine also have anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the LCMV and Pichinde arenaviruses are currently being used to create vector-based vaccines with attenuated but replicating virus. This review focuses on highlighting the potential of arenaviruses as anti-cancer therapies. This includes providing a molecular understanding of its tropism as well as highlighting past and present preclinical and clinical applications of noncytophatic arenavirus therapies and their potential in bridging the gap in the treatment of cancers weakly responsive or unresponsive to oncolytic viruses. In summary, arenaviruses represent promising new therapies to broaden the arsenal of anti-tumor therapies for generating an immunogenic tumor microenvironment

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Section: Arenaviruses As Anti-tumor Agentsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Arenaviruses: Old viruses present new solutions for cancer therapy

et al. 2023

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“…The arenaviruses are a group of ether-sensitive enveloped RNA viruses (5,15,19,28,29,34) whose members include the prototype virus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM), as well as Lassa virus and the Tacaribe complex of viruses (Junin, Machupo, Amapari, Pichinde, Parana, Tamiami, Tacaribe, and Latino viruses). Electron microscopic examinations of arenavirus-infected cells, or negatively stained virus preparations, have revealed that arenavirus particles are spherical or pleomorphic (50 to 300 nm in diameter), with 10-nm club-shaped surface projections (1,12,13,16,17,(19)(20)(21)23). Similar values for infectious-particle sizes have been obtained by using membrane filtration techniques (5,12,15,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 55%

Structural components of the arenavirus Pichinde

Vezza¹,

Gard²,

Compans³

et al. 1977

J Virol

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Pichinde virions grown in monolayers of BHK-21 cells were found to contain three major species of virion proteins as described previously (Ramos et al., J. Virol. 10:661-667, 1972). Two of the proteins were glycosylated (G1, molecular weight = 64,000; G2, molecular weight = 38,000) and were present in similar proportions on the outer surface of the virions. A third protein (N, molecular weight = 66,000) was not glycosylated and, in association with the viral RNA species, was the major protein component of the viral nucleocapsids. An estimate of the approximate number of molecules of these three major proteins per virion was made. Minor amounts of other proteins were also routinely observed in Pichinde virus preparations. None of the three major protein species were phosphorylated to any significant extent, nor did they contain sulfated components. Two virion RNA species (L and S), but no 18S rRNA species, were detected in Pichinde virus preparations obtained from infected BHK-21 cells.

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“…Some evidence for the incorporation of host-cell-derived antigens into the envelopes of LCM virions has also been obtained, in that the virus was reported to be neutralized by antiserum to host cells (Ofodile et al, 1973). No evidence has been obtained concerning the nature of such host antigens.…”

Section: Involvement Of Other Viral Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%