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3 4 Introduction 3 5Gallstone disease (Cholelithiasis) affects 10 to 15% of the population of developed countries. Our 3 6 study aimed to determine the risk factors associated to different types of gallstone in patients 3 7 diagnosed in Khartoum State Ibnsina Gastroenterology Center. 3 8 Methods 3 9 A facility-based prospective cross-sectional study was implemented on a convenient sample of 47 4 0 participants diagnosed with gallstone through ultrasonography in Ibnsina Gastroenterology center 4 1 and who underwent surgical interventions for gallstone removal. A standardized interviewer-4 2 administrated research tool comprising three parts was used to collect data related to the 4 3 characteristics of the participants, their medical presentation and examination as well as 4 4 information on types of gallstone, surgical interventions and outcomes. The data were 4 5 computerized through Epi-info 7 and analyzed through SPSS 23. Descriptive statistics were firstly 4 6 performed and association was tested through Chi square tests and ANOVA. A multinomial 4 7 regression analysis established the relationship between types of gallstone and their associated risk 4 8 factors. All statistical tests were considered as significant when p < 0.05. 4 9 Results 5 0The risk factors statistically associated to gallstone types were family history (p = 0.011) and 5 1 duration of living in the residence area (p= 0.043) in pigment-cholesterol gallstone model vs 5 2 mixed-cholesterol gallstone model. Other four risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of 5 3 gallstone were parity (OR = 1.623 [95% CI: 0.795-3.315]) vs (OR = 1.426, [95% CI: 0.729-5 4 2.790]), waist circumference (OR= 1.014 [95% CI: 0.948-1.085]) vs (OR = 1.001 [95% CI: 0.942-5 5 1.065]), chronic disease (OR = 0.698, [95% CI: 0.028 -17.445]) vs (OR = 0.354, [95% CI: 0.021-5 6 6.087]) and serum triglyceride (OR = 0.985, [95% CI: 0.950-1.022]) vs (OR= 0.980, [95% CI: 5 7 0.949-1.012]). 5 8 Conclusion 5 9 Our finding indicated six risk factors related to types of gallstone. Further multicenter research in 6 0Sudan on risk factors is needed to calibrate and validate our model. 6 1 Keyword: Cholelithiasis, Gallstone disease, Risk factors, Types of gallstone, Ultrasonography.6 2 6 3 9 1gallstone as well as between types of gallstone and positive history of type 2 diabetes (p=0.035). 2The other risk factors assessed were family history of GSD, history of dyslipedemia, total 9 3 cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 9 4 fasting blood glucose, parity and use of exogenous oestrogen in female patients, smoking and 9 5 alcohol consumption in males were not statistically associated (p >0.05) to the types of gallstone. 6Another study [29] on a sample of 100 patients investigated the association between gallstone 9 7 characteristics and 23 patient parameters. A statistically significant association was found between 9 8 both mean diastolic (p=0.012) and systolic blood pressure and types of gallstone (p=0.027).
3 4 Introduction 3 5Gallstone disease (Cholelithiasis) affects 10 to 15% of the population of developed countries. Our 3 6 study aimed to determine the risk factors associated to different types of gallstone in patients 3 7 diagnosed in Khartoum State Ibnsina Gastroenterology Center. 3 8 Methods 3 9 A facility-based prospective cross-sectional study was implemented on a convenient sample of 47 4 0 participants diagnosed with gallstone through ultrasonography in Ibnsina Gastroenterology center 4 1 and who underwent surgical interventions for gallstone removal. A standardized interviewer-4 2 administrated research tool comprising three parts was used to collect data related to the 4 3 characteristics of the participants, their medical presentation and examination as well as 4 4 information on types of gallstone, surgical interventions and outcomes. The data were 4 5 computerized through Epi-info 7 and analyzed through SPSS 23. Descriptive statistics were firstly 4 6 performed and association was tested through Chi square tests and ANOVA. A multinomial 4 7 regression analysis established the relationship between types of gallstone and their associated risk 4 8 factors. All statistical tests were considered as significant when p < 0.05. 4 9 Results 5 0The risk factors statistically associated to gallstone types were family history (p = 0.011) and 5 1 duration of living in the residence area (p= 0.043) in pigment-cholesterol gallstone model vs 5 2 mixed-cholesterol gallstone model. Other four risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of 5 3 gallstone were parity (OR = 1.623 [95% CI: 0.795-3.315]) vs (OR = 1.426, [95% CI: 0.729-5 4 2.790]), waist circumference (OR= 1.014 [95% CI: 0.948-1.085]) vs (OR = 1.001 [95% CI: 0.942-5 5 1.065]), chronic disease (OR = 0.698, [95% CI: 0.028 -17.445]) vs (OR = 0.354, [95% CI: 0.021-5 6 6.087]) and serum triglyceride (OR = 0.985, [95% CI: 0.950-1.022]) vs (OR= 0.980, [95% CI: 5 7 0.949-1.012]). 5 8 Conclusion 5 9 Our finding indicated six risk factors related to types of gallstone. Further multicenter research in 6 0Sudan on risk factors is needed to calibrate and validate our model. 6 1 Keyword: Cholelithiasis, Gallstone disease, Risk factors, Types of gallstone, Ultrasonography.6 2 6 3 9 1gallstone as well as between types of gallstone and positive history of type 2 diabetes (p=0.035). 2The other risk factors assessed were family history of GSD, history of dyslipedemia, total 9 3 cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 9 4 fasting blood glucose, parity and use of exogenous oestrogen in female patients, smoking and 9 5 alcohol consumption in males were not statistically associated (p >0.05) to the types of gallstone. 6Another study [29] on a sample of 100 patients investigated the association between gallstone 9 7 characteristics and 23 patient parameters. A statistically significant association was found between 9 8 both mean diastolic (p=0.012) and systolic blood pressure and types of gallstone (p=0.027).
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the comet tail artifact on ultrasonography can be used to reliably diagnose benign gallbladder diseases. Methods This retrospective study reviewed the clinical findings, imaging findings, preoperative ultrasonographic diagnoses, and pathological diagnoses of 150 patients with comet tail artifacts who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with pathologic confirmation. The extent of the involved lesion was classified as localized or diffuse, depending on the degree of involvement and the anatomical section of the gallbladder that was involved. This study evaluated the differences in clinical and imaging findings among pathologic diagnoses. Results All gallbladder lesions exhibiting the comet tail artifact on ultrasound examination were confirmed as benign gallbladder diseases after cholecystectomy, including 71 cases of adenomyomatosis (47.3%), 74 cases of chronic cholecystitis (49.3%), two cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (1.3%), and three cases of cholesterolosis (2.0%); there were two cases of coexistent chronic cholecystitis and low-grade dysplasia. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the clinical and ultrasonographic findings, with the exception of gallstones (P=0.007), among the four diseases. There were no significant differences in the average length, thickness, or number of comet tail artifacts among the four diagnoses. No malignancies were detected in any of the 150 thickened gallbladder lesions. Conclusion The ultrasonographic finding of the comet tail artifact in patients with thickened gallbladder lesions is associated with the presence of benign gallbladder diseases, and can be considered a reliable sign of benign gallbladder disease.
The gallbladder is frequently affected by a spectrum of diseases, ranging from benign inflammatory conditions to aggressive malignancies.Histopathological examination is the cornerstone of diagnosing gallbladder diseases, providing detailed insights into the cellular and tissue-level changes that occur in various conditions. However, the diagnostic process is significantly enhanced when histopathological findings are correlated with clinical and radiological data. Such a multidisciplinary approach not only improves diagnostic accuracy but also improves treatment strategies, leading to better patient outcomes. This study aims to investigate the histopathological spectrum of gallbladder lesions and to establish correlations with clinic-radiological findings, thereby advancing the understanding of gallbladder pathology and its management.To study the histopathological spectrum of lesions of gall bladder with clinic radiological correlationThe most common histopathological diagnosis was chronic non specific cholecystitis with cholelithiasis seen in 48 cases out of 100 cases (48%). Total 70 cases out of 100 (70%) were calculous out of which 65.71% cases were of chronic cholecystitis, 24.28% cases were of acute cholecystitis and 10% cases were of gall bladder carcinoma with n=70. Out of 100 cases, 90% cases had mixed stones, 7.15% cases had cholesterol stones and 2.85% cases had pigment stones.There were 7 cases (7%) of gall bladder carcinoma amongst 100 cases. All 7 cases were of adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder out of which 2 cases showed serosal invasion and infiltration. Multidisciplinary approach is required in the diagnosis and management of gall bladder diseases, integrating clinical, radiological and histopathological findings to ensure accurate diagnosis. Each and every cholecystectomy specimen must be sent for histopathological examination and studied meticulously, as some unusual findings bearing implications on treatment and prognosis may be seen, regardless of the reason for which cholecystectomy is performed.
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