Morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of recycled HDPE foams via rotational molding

Dou, Yao; Rodrigue, Denis

doi:10.1177/0021955x211013793

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As expected, foam cell size decreases as foam porosity is reduced (higher density); images from SEM show a significant degree of cell coalescence at low densities. Assuming that the CBA residues act as nucleation sites for the cells, it is possible to calculate the density of the nucleation sites (N-P/cm 3 in Table 2 ) [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Based on this value divided by the cell density, we determined the number of nucleation sites required to form a single cell in the final foam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the foam is cooled in the mold, the outer part solidifies first, and the core of the foam is still in a molten state with a large amount of gas inside. As a result, and for foams with a low density and high blowing agent content, the cells near the skin are deformed, leading to late coalescence of the cells [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] and increasing the density. Furthermore, the core has more time to cause coalescence of the cells and the cell diameter is larger.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Density Gradients, Cellular Structure and Thermal Conductivity of High-Density Polyethylene Foams by Different Amounts of Chemical Blowing Agent

2022

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LDPE (low-density polyethylene) foams were prepared using the improved compression moulding technique (ICM) with relative densities ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 and with different levels of chemical blowing agents (from 1% to 20%). The density gradients, cellular structure and thermal conductivity of the foams were characterized. The density and amount of CBA used were found to have a significant effect on the cellular structure both at the mesoscale (density gradients) and at the microscale (different cell sizes and cell densities). In addition, the thermal conductivity of the samples is very sensitive to the local structure where the heat flux is located. The technique used to measure this property, the Transient Plane Source method (TPS), makes it possible to detect the presence of density gradients. A simple method for determining these gradients based on thermal conductivity data was developed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Gradients, Cellular Structure and Thermal Conductivity of High-Density Polyethylene Foams by Different Amounts of Chemical Blowing Agent

2022

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“…[36] the total plastics consumed, especially in film applications and rotational molding. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Parts produced from virgin/neat PE have relatively low mechanical strengths. Therefore, additives/reinforcements are used to improve the mechanical properties.…”

Section: % Powders and Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these characteristics make them ideal materials for the manufacturing and processing of complex parts accounting for about 90% of the total plastics consumed, especially in film applications and rotational molding. [ 5–12 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosslinked polyethylene: A review on the crosslinking techniques, manufacturing methods, applications, and recycling

Ahmad

Rodrigue

2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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One of the most used resins in the plastics industry is polyethylene (PE).Although PE has good impact resistance and ductility, its low maximum use temperature and mechanical strength limit some commercial development, especially for load-bearing applications. To get better overall performances, crosslinking is performed to improve the chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of PE. Although PE can be crosslinked by using various chemical and physical methods, this makes the resulting polymers more difficult to recycle since a three-dimensional (3D) network is created. In this review, we first describe the different crosslinking techniques for PE to manufacture crosslinked PE (XLPE) parts. Then, as more than half of the XLPE-based products are disposed directly after use, we present several options to reuse and recycle these products to overcome this environmental issue and find a sustainable solution. A focus is made on mechanical recycling and de-crosslinking techniques for XLPE to generate recycled-XLPE (r-XLPE). Finally, a conclusion is presented on the current situation and research gaps that must be filled by future works.

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“…Another possible path is using blended recycled/virgin materials, which has also been proposed and achieved satisfactory results for 50/50 blends [ 5 ]. Finally, Dou and Rodrigue have proposed using HDPE from recycled bottles to obtain foamed parts [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Inorganic Composites in Rotational Molding

et al. 2022

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Rotational molding allows for obtaining hollow parts with good aesthetics and properties, having as main drawbacks the lack of pressure and the long cycle times, which limit the range of materials. Different fillers have been introduced in rotomolding to obtain composite materials assessed. This review has shown that glass fibers or particles are the most common material among them, although carbon fibers or clays have also been studied. In general terms, 10% loadings provide an increase in mechanical properties; higher loadings usually lead to a decrease in processability or final properties. When the filler consists of a micro- or nano-material, such as clay or graphene, lower loadings are proposed, generally not exceeding 3%. The use of fillers of an inorganic nature to obtain composites has not been as explored as the incorporation of lignocellulosic materials and even less if referring to waste materials or side streams from industrial processes. So, there is a broad field for assessing the processing and properties of rotomolded composites containing inorganic waste materials, including the study of the relationship between the ratio of filler/reinforcement and the final properties and also their preprocessing (dry blending vs. melting compounding).

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Morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of recycled HDPE foams via rotational molding

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Density Gradients, Cellular Structure and Thermal Conductivity of High-Density Polyethylene Foams by Different Amounts of Chemical Blowing Agent

Density Gradients, Cellular Structure and Thermal Conductivity of High-Density Polyethylene Foams by Different Amounts of Chemical Blowing Agent

Crosslinked polyethylene: A review on the crosslinking techniques, manufacturing methods, applications, and recycling

Recent Developments in Inorganic Composites in Rotational Molding

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