Morphology and biogeography of Apiaceae subfamily Saniculoideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of molecular data

Dormancy breaking and germination requirements were determined for seeds of the eastern North American (eNA) species Sanicula canadensis, Sanicula gregaria and Sanicula trifoliata, and the data compared to those available for the European-Asian (EurA) congener Sanicula europaea. Seeds of the three eNA species had underdeveloped embryos that were physiologically dormant, i.e., morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Warm (25/15°C) followed by cold (5/1°C) stratification was effective in breaking dormancy in 100% of the S. canadensis seeds, but in only 29.3% of S. gregaria seeds and 43.3% of S. trifoliata seeds. Cold stratification alone broke dormancy in 38.7, 12.0 and 0% of S. canadensis, S. gregaria and S. trifoliata seeds, respectively. Thus, some seeds of S. canadensis and of S. gregaria that germinated have non-deep complex MPD, and others have deep complex MPD. All seeds of S. trifoliata that germinated have non-deep complex MPD. Within a phylogenetic context, the kind (level) of MPD may or may not differ between eNA Sanicula sister species because conspecific variation in the kind of MPD exists in seeds ofS. canadensis and S. gregaria. Similarly, the kind of MPD in seeds of eNA S. canadensis and S. gregaria may or may not differ with the deep complex MPD in seeds of the EurA S. europaea. However, the non-deep complex MPD in all seeds of eNA S. trifoliata and deep complex MPD in seeds of S. europaea represent a distinct difference in this trait between two of the five clades comprising the genus Sanicula.

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“…(including S. europaea ) and wNA Sanicula spp. The monotypic genus Petagnaea (Calviño et al. 2008; Kadereit et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of three eastern North American Sanicula species (Apiaceae subf. Saniculoideae): evolutionary implications for dormancy break

Hawkins

Baskin

Baskin³

2010

Plant Species Biology

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“…Our coding of Adoxaceae relied on several previous analyses [116-118], but for Viburnum we adopted the recent suggestion of Clement and Donoghue [119] that the group originated in Southeast Asia. In addition to Asteraceae and Adoxaceae, we relied on previous biogeographic hypotheses for Apiaceae (Apiales; [120-123]) and Araliaceae (Apiales; [124]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Southern Hemisphere origin for campanulid angiosperms, with traces of the break-up of Gondwana

2013

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BackgroundNew powerful biogeographic methods have focused attention on long-standing hypotheses regarding the influence of the break-up of Gondwana on the biogeography of Southern Hemisphere plant groups. Studies to date have often concluded that these groups are too young to have been influenced by these ancient continental movements. Here we examine a much larger and older angiosperm clade, the Campanulidae, and infer its biogeographic history by combining Bayesian divergence time information with a likelihood-based biogeographic model focused on the Gondwanan landmasses.ResultsOur analyses imply that campanulids likely originated in the middle Albian (~105 Ma), and that a substantial portion of the early evolutionary history of campanulids took place in the Southern Hemisphere, despite their greater species richness in the Northern Hemisphere today. We also discovered several disjunctions that show biogeographic and temporal correspondence with the break-up of Gondwana.ConclusionsWhile it is possible to discern traces of the break-up of Gondwana in clades that are old enough, it will generally be difficult to be confident in continental movement as the prime cause of geographic disjunctions. This follows from the need for the geographic disjunction, the inferred biogeographic scenario, and the dating of the lineage splitting events to be consistent with the causal hypothesis.

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“…, 2010). A southern African origin of these two subfamilies, followed by migrations northwards into Eurasia, has been suggested (Calvino et al. , 2006, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative embryo length as an adaptation to habitat and life cycle in Apiaceae

2012

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Summary• The factors driving the evolution of the relative embryo length in Apiaceae were examined. We tested the hypothesis that seeds with large relative embryo length, because of more rapid germination, are beneficial in dry and open habitats and for short-lived species. We also analyzed to what extent delayed germination as a result of embryo growth can be considered a dormancy mechanism.• Hypotheses were tested by correlating the relative embryo length with other plant traits, habitat and climatic variables. The adaptive nature of the relative embryo length was determined by comparing the performance of a pure drift, Brownian motion (BM) model of trait evolution with that of a selection-inertia, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model.• A positive correlation of the relative embryo length with germination speed and negative correlations with the amount of habitat shade, longevity and precipitation were found. An OU model, in which the evolution of longer embryos corresponded to a transition to habitats of high light, or to a short life cycle, outperformed significantly a BM model.• The results indicated that the relative embryo length may have evolved as an adaptation to habitat and life cycle, whereas dormancy was mainly related to temperature at the sampling sites.

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Morphology and biogeography of Apiaceae subfamily Saniculoideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of molecular data

Cited by 47 publications

References 41 publications

Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of three eastern North American Sanicula species (Apiaceae subf. Saniculoideae): evolutionary implications for dormancy break

Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of three eastern North American Sanicula species (Apiaceae subf. Saniculoideae): evolutionary implications for dormancy break

A Southern Hemisphere origin for campanulid angiosperms, with traces of the break-up of Gondwana

Relative embryo length as an adaptation to habitat and life cycle in Apiaceae

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