Morphology and Internal Structure of Rockslides and Rock Avalanches: Grounds and Constraints for Their Modelling

Strom, Alexander

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4037-5_17

Cited by 70 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A good example is the famous Elm rock avalanche that was launched from the quarry bottom about 120 m above the valley floor (Heim 1882;Hsü 1975). Several similar prehistoric examples have been described in the Tien Shan (Strom 1996(Strom , 2006). All the above have their thickest part of the deposits just at the foot of the collapsed slope with more-or-less convex sides and a gradually thinning avalanche-like part.…”

Section: Jumping Rock Avalanchesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Analysis of rock-avalanche longitudinal debris distribution shows that in some cases practically all of the collapsed material accumulates in the distal part of its path-the socalled "Primary rock avalanche" (Strom 1996(Strom , 2006(Strom , 2010. However, rock avalanches that occur in a laterally confined environment are often characterised by a bipartite debris distribution where a part of the collapsed material accumulates at the foot of the headscarp, while the other portion forms a long-runout avalanche.…”

Section: Role Of Confinement In Rock Avalanches' Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible Causes of Accelerating Landslide Motion in Confined Environment

Strom

2015

Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2

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Effects of confinement on the mobility of rock avalanches characterised by a bipartite longitudinal debris distribution-the so called "Jumping" and "Secondary" rock avalanchesare discussed. Possible mechanisms causing accelerating debris motion after collision of the rockslide debris with the valley bottom or with the opposite valley slope are proposed. When the sliding surface daylights much above the foot of the slope rockslide really is projected into the air and its frontal part accelerates due to compression from the following debris and forms Jumping rock avalanche. If rapidly moving debris collides obliquely with an obstacle or enters into a constricted part of the valley, the momentum of the entire moving mass is transferred to the portion still retaining a possibility of further motion. This portion accelerates and forms a Secondary rock avalanche. These phenomena should be considered in rockslide hazard assessment and in statistical analysis of rock avalanches parameters such as volume and runout. KeywordsRock avalanche Á Runout Á Landslide dam Á Collision Á Momentum transfer 151

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Section: Jumping Rock Avalanchesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Role Of Confinement In Rock Avalanches' Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Causes of Accelerating Landslide Motion in Confined Environment

Strom

2015

Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2

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“…Most of the case studies identified in this area were described in Abdrakhmnatov and Strom (2006), Hartvich et al (2008), Strom (1994Strom ( , 1996Strom ( , 2006Strom ( , 2010Strom ( , 2013aStrom ( , b, c, d, 2015, Strom and Groshev (2009), Strom and Korup (2006), Strom and Stepanchikova (2008), and Strom and Zhirkevich (2013).…”

Section: Rockslides In the Kokomeren River Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next block (Table 4) includes parameters of the mobile avalanche-like parts of rockslides classified as Jumping and Secondary rock avalanches (Strom 1996(Strom , 2006.…”

Section: Structure Of the Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Rockslide Inventories: From the Kokomeren River Basin to the Entire Central Asia Region (WCoE 2014–2017, IPL-106-2)

Strom

Abdrakhmatov

2017

Advancing Culture of Living With Landslides

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Large-scale bedrock landslides are among the most hazardous natural phenomena posing a threat to communities living in mountainous regions and in the river valleys therein. Their study requires regular mapping of past features and compilation of uniform and representative inventories. This paper presents the main activities of the World Center of Excellence on Landslide Disaster Reduction of the Geodynamics Research Center-branch of JSC "Hydroproject Institute" (Moscow, Russia) and of the Kyrgyz Institute of Seismology (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan). Their activities include compilation of a landslide inventory for the Kokomeren River Basin in Central Tien Shan, where the annual Kokomeren Summer School on Rockslides has been carried out since 2006, and of the uniform inventory of large-scale bedrock landslides (rockslides) for the entire Central Asia region, including the Djungaria, Tien Shan and Pamir mountain systems. Basic principles of rockslides identification and the structure of the database are described in brief.

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“…[21] The term ''rock-and-soil avalanche'' encompasses a large variety of surface processes that share the following common features [Heim, 1932;Legros, 2002;Strom, 2006]: (1) high velocity (between 5 and 300 m/s), (2) large volumes (typically >10 5 m 3 ), (3) long runout (generally defined in terms of the travel angle or fahrböschung), (4) comminution of the rock-and-soil mass (although this condition is not always fulfilled), and (5) lack of mixing of different lithologies from the slope failure to the resultant debris deposit (although this condition is not always fulfilled).…”

Section: Simulation Of Rock-and-soil Avalanches Using Granular Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock‐and‐soil avalanches: Theory and simulation

Taboada

Estrada

2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We present a 2-D Contact Dynamics discrete element model for simulating initiation and motion of rock avalanches, integrating hillslope geometry, Mohr-Coulomb rock behavior, pore pressure before avalanche triggering, and avalanche trigger. Avalanche motion is modeled as a dense granular flow of dry frictional and cohesive particles. On the basis of granular physics and shear experiments, we review some of the theories for the unexpectedly long runout of rock avalanches. Different causes are evoked, according to the strength (strong or weak) of the slip surface relative to the bulk. ''Mechanical fluidization'' and ''acoustic fluidization'' theories state that agitation of rock particles reduces frictional strength, increasing runout. Conversely, granular mechanics suggests that, as ''shear-strain'' rate increases, granular material becomes more agitated, more dissipative, and more resistant. Another theory states that dynamic fragmentation of clasts creates an isotropic pressure that drives longer runout. In contrast, granular mechanics suggests that fragmentation may induce fluidization and strengthening of the granular material, while particle size reduction (among others) induces weakening of the granular flow and enhances long runout. Runout is also enhanced for column-like rock masses collapsing from steep hillslopes. Long runout may also be linked to thermal weakening mechanisms at the slip surface (e.g., thermal pressurization, and shear melting), which may lower drastically the shear strength. The model is illustrated with a hypothetical example of a rain-triggered avalanche, mobilizing shallowly dipping layers. Several phases are identified, including slope failure, avalanche triggering resulting from slip weakening, and avalanche motion in which rocks are folded and sheared.

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Morphology and Internal Structure of Rockslides and Rock Avalanches: Grounds and Constraints for Their Modelling

Cited by 70 publications

References 36 publications

Possible Causes of Accelerating Landslide Motion in Confined Environment

Possible Causes of Accelerating Landslide Motion in Confined Environment

Large-Scale Rockslide Inventories: From the Kokomeren River Basin to the Entire Central Asia Region (WCoE 2014–2017, IPL-106-2)

Rock‐and‐soil avalanches: Theory and simulation

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