Morphology of two-phase polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) latex particles prepared under different polymerization conditions

Joensson, Jan Erik L.; Hassander, Helén; Jansson, Lars H.; Toernell, Bertil

doi:10.1021/ma00001a021

Cited by 100 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Various morphologies of the composite such as core shell, occluded or multilayer can be achieved through two or multiple stage emulsion polymerization. 90,91 Typically, core shell morphology latex particles can be made by semicontinuous process under a monomer starved condition. 92 The preformed particles are incorporated into the epoxy matrix by mechanical mixing.…”

Section: Toughening By Preformed Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber toughened epoxy

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Toughening of epoxy resins for improvement of crack resistance has been the subject of intense research interest during the last two decades. Epoxy resins are successfully toughened by blending with a suitable liquid rubber, which initially remains miscible with epoxy and undergoes a phase separation in the course of curing that leads to the formation of a two-phase microstructure, or by directly blending preformed rubbery particle. Unlike the situation for thermoplastics, physical blending is not successful for toughening epoxy resins. Recent advances in the development of various functionalized liquid rubber-based toughening agents and core-shell particles are discussed critically in this review.

show abstract

Section: Toughening By Preformed Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber toughened epoxy

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We can call these sensitivity systems: the equilibrium morphology of the core–shell latex is sensitive to the experimental conditions, and the prediction does not agree with the experiment. Different equilibrium morphologies have been reported in the literature for PSt/PMMA,3–6, 25, 26 PBA/PSt,8, 9, 27, 28 and PBA/PMMA 29, 30. Whether they are sensitivity or no‐sensitivity systems, the equilibrium morphologies can be predicted with the method proposed in this article.…”

Section: Related Sensitivity Range Of the Predictionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Simple method of related sensitivity range to predict the thermodynamic equilibrium morphology of a core–shell latex particle

Zhao

Sun

Liu

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The equilibrium morphologies of different core-shell latices are predicted, and a related sensitivity analysis is given for the predictions. This article proposes a related sensitivity range for estimating the accuracy of predictions, made with the simple method, of the thermodynamically preferred morphology of a core-shell latex particle in two-stage seeded emulsion polymerization. The related sensitivity range of the predictions is defined and calculated, and the results show that different core-shell latices have different sensitivity ranges. The wider the sensitivity range is, the more reliable the prediction is of the morphology of the core-shell latex. The simple method of related sensitivity range has been verified in the literature and with experiments.

show abstract

“…When a first polymeric dispersion is used to polymerize a second composition, a number of factors will influence the final nanostructured morphology of the system. [50][51][52][53][54] The most relevant ones are the degree of radical penetration into the seed particle, which is dependant on the seed T g , 55 the difference between T g and reaction temperature, the hydrophilicity of the composition, the level of compatibility, and the relative amount of both phases present. If radical penetration is possible, phase separation becomes important, since chains of the second polymer are formed throughout the first-stage polymer particles, creating chain entanglements and the opportunity for extensive polymer mixing.…”

Section: Sequentially Produced Free Radical Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer heterogeneity in waterborne coatings

Overbeek

2009

J Coat Technol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An overview is presented of the progress in understanding polymer heterogeneity over the last 20 years and how this has contributed to the improvement of coatings. Solvent-based polymers are homogeneous in nature, since all polymeric materials tend to be dissolved in the same solvent mixture. This is different for most waterborne polymers, which tend to be present in a compartmentalized way. Most polymeric materials are present in particles, which are separated by the continuous aqueous phase. This gives excellent opportunities to create particle morphologies that form the basis for the film morphology after drying of the coating. This article gives an overview of the various types of heterogeneity which are accessible in waterborne polymers and will show how heterogeneity in the polymer can contribute to the solution of several persistent problems of the coating industry.

show abstract

Morphology of two-phase polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) latex particles prepared under different polymerization conditions

Cited by 100 publications

References 8 publications

Rubber toughened epoxy

Rubber toughened epoxy

Simple method of related sensitivity range to predict the thermodynamic equilibrium morphology of a core–shell latex particle

Polymer heterogeneity in waterborne coatings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About