Morphometric Analysis of Glenoid Fossa of Scapula

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The study was conducted on sixty scapulae obtained from the department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Jammu. The shape of the glenoid cavity was observed in all the scapulae. It was inverted comma shaped, tear drop shaped, oval and round shaped. The shape on the two sides was compared. Morphometry of the glenoid cavity was done and compared on right and left side. The dimensions of the glenoid fossa provide important information for designing and fitting of glenoid component for shoulder arthroplasty. An understanding of variations of glenoid cavity is essential for evaluating pathological conditions like osseous Bankart lesions and osteochondral defects. INTRODUCTION: Shoulder arthroplasty is a common mode of treatment to treat shoulder pathologies like shoulder arthritis. Knowledge about the shape and morphological parameters is essential for success of shoulder arthroplasty as otherwise there would be loosening of the joint necessisitating the need for revision surgery. The articular surfaces for shoulder joint are the glenoid cavity (or fossa) of scapula and head of humerus. The glenoid fossa is a shallow ovoid depression on the lateral angle of the scapula. It is also called as the glenoid cavity or the head of the scapula. There is variation in the shape of the glenoid fossa. The glenoid rim presents a small notch on its anterior and upper part. (1) The glenoid notch prevents the attachment of fibrocartilaginous glenoidal labrum to the glenoidal rim, which can be detached leading to Bankart, s lesion. (2) A knowledge of the shape and morphometry of glenoid fossa is essential for treating glenohumeral osteoarthritis. (3) Morphometric analysis of glenoid fossa is also essential when total shoulder prosthesis has to be used. It is also essential for evaluating Bankart lesion, osteochondral defects, shoulder instability etc. Thorough scanning of available literature revealed that there is dearth of literature regarding morphometry of glenoid fossa. Therefore a curious desire developed to conduct this study. Our study would provide morphometric data, providing an anatomical baseline, which will be of immense help to anthropologists, osteologists, anatomists, and orthopedicians.

An anthropometric evaluation of the scapula, with emphasis on the coracoid process and glenoid fossa in a South African population

“…The mean VD in this study was found to be larger on the right side. This confirmed the findings of This confirmed the findings of Dhinsda and Singh (2014), Mahto and Omar (2015), Gupta et al (2015) and Hassanein (2015). Although HD1 has only been investigated in a limited number of studies, the values of the current study were similar to the studies conducted by Mamatha et al (2011) and Chhabra et al (2015), where the mean HD1 was found to be larger on the right side (Table 4).…”

“…Although HD1 has only been investigated in a limited number of studies, the values of the current study were similar to the studies conducted by Mamatha et al (2011) and Chhabra et al (2015), where the mean HD1 was found to be larger on the right side (Table 4). The mean HD2 was also observed to be larger on the right side, agreeing with the reports of previous studies (Mamatha et al, 2011;Gupta et al, 2015;Hassanein, 2015;Mahto and Omar, 2015) (Table 4).…”

“…In this study, the shape of the glenoid fossa was categorized according to the classification scheme proposed by Mamatha et al (2011). Type 3 (oval) was the predominant glenoid shape on both right and left sides, which further corroborated the findings of Mamatha et al (2011) and Gupta et al (2015), respectively. An oval-shaped glenoid fossa is suggested to be the most stable glenoid fossa shape with the glenoid labrum being attached along all borders of the glenoid fossa (Coskun et al, 2006).…”

“…Type 1 (inverted comma) was seen to be the least prevalent shape on the left side in this study and revealed a lower prevalence than that of the reviewed literature (Dhinsda and Singh, Key: CL: coracoid length; CW: coracoid width; CGD: coracoglenoid distance; VD: vertical diameter; HD1: horizontal diameter 1; HD2: horizontal diameter 2. 2014; Gupta et al, 2015;Hassanein, 2015;Mamatha et al, 2011). In inverted comma-shaped glenoid fossa, the glenoid labrum is not rigidly attached to the glenoid margin.…”

A Study of Morphometry of Glenoid Fossa to Decide the Size of Glenoid Component in Shoulder Arthroplasty Among South Indians

“…Left glenoid value was slightly higher than the right. In a study done by Gupta et al in north India the vertical diameter of glenoid fossa were 3.49cms and 3.30cms on right and left side [5]. Gamal et al studied 68 dry Egyptian scapulae and reported the mean of vertical diameter of glenoid fossa as 3.31cms on right side and 2.87cms on left side.…”