Morphometric analysis of the odontoid process: using computed tomography—in the Greek population

Korres, Demetrios S.; Lazaretos, J.; Papailiou, John; Kyriakopoulos, Eugenia; Chytas, Dimitrios; Efstathopoulos, Nicolas; Nikolaou, Vassilios S.

doi:10.1007/s00590-015-1717-z

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[16,17,20] There are large differences in cortical thickness between populations and in some studies measurements were made on axial slices. [19,21] In our study, the mean LAIT parameter was 38.9 mm (30.5-45.8 mm), higher in males than in females (Table 2). These results show similarities with the results of Korres et al [19] It has to be noted that the length of the screws used is different from the superoinferior length of the axis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

“…[19,21] In our study, the mean LAIT parameter was 38.9 mm (30.5-45.8 mm), higher in males than in females (Table 2). These results show similarities with the results of Korres et al [19] It has to be noted that the length of the screws used is different from the superoinferior length of the axis. This is because the screw entry point is not on the center of the vertebral body, but on the lower edge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

“…[16,17] When the information given above and OPmin we have obtained are evaluated together; 62% of females, 76% of males and 70% of the total group had a suitable odontoid process for two 3.5 mm cortical screws. It has been reported that 95% of the Caucasian population, [16] 67% of the Malaysian population, [17] 65% of the Brazilian population [14] and 89.1% of the Greek population [19] are suitable for two 3.5 mm screws. The minimum value of the OPmin we obtained in males was in the 18-30 year old group and was 7.8 mm in females; in the group over 50, this was 6.9 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A morphometric study of the odontoid process using three-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) reconstruction

Alim

Atalar

Gülekon

2019

Anatomy

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric parameters of the odontoid process using 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images and investigate the applicability of using one or two screws for fixing odontoid process fractures.Methods: CT images of 100 patients (55 males, 45 females) were transferred to the OsiriX program in DICOM format and converted into three dimensional images using the 3D volume rendering feature. Male and female groups were divided into 8-30, 31-50 and over 50 age groups and features of the odontoid process were measured. Results:In the coronal plane, the minimum external transverse length of the odontoid process (OPmin) was highest in males over 50 year of age with a value of 11.3 mm. In the sagittal plane, the combination of anterior-posterior length of the odontoid process and vertebral body (OPAP) was highest in the males over 50 (14.5 mm). The length of the line taken from the anteriorinferior corner of the vertebral body to the top of odontoid process (LAIT) was measured the highest measured as 45.2 mm in males over 50. These measurements were higher in males than females. Conclusion:The results of this study showed that it is possible to use a single 4.5 mm or 3.5 mm cannulated screw in the Turkish population. The application of two 3.5 mm screws was found to be appropriate in 76% of males and 62% of females.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A morphometric study of the odontoid process using three-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) reconstruction

Alim

Atalar

Gülekon

2019

Anatomy

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“…A number of studies have proved ethnic variations in the morphometry of the odontoid. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] There is no literature on the morphometry of odontoid in Egyptian patients. With this background, the authors decided to analyze the morphometry of the odontoid in Egyptian patients and determine the feasibility of using 2 screws.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computerized Tomography–Based Morphometric Analysis of Odontoid in 100 Egyptian Patients

Patil¹,

Essam²,

Ragab³

et al. 2020

Int J Spine Surg

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Background: There is still no consensus in the literature regarding the use of 1 screw or 2 screws. A number of studies have proved ethnic variations in the morphometry of the odontoid. There is no literature on the morphometry of odontoid in Egyptian patients. Methods: Computerized tomography (CT) scans of the head and cervical spine of 100 healthy (no evidence of cervical spine fracture) patients of Egyptian origin were studied. Measurements were performed using Horos software, which allowed exact morphometric measurements to be taken at a specific angle in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Results: The mean age was 48.57 6 15.39 years (range, 18-79 years; 56 male and 44 female patients). The mean radiologically calculated screw length and the mean radiologically calculated screw insertion angle were 38.21 6 2.2 mm and 55.78 6 3.848, respectively. The mean anteroposterior and transverse diameter of the odontoid at the waist in the axial cut were 11.02 6 1.05 mm and 8.92 6 0.93 mm, respectively. A total of 54% and 6% of the study sample had the transverse waist diameter of the odontoid in the axial cut below 9 mm and 7.4 mm, respectively. A total of 48% of the male and 61% of the female patients had their transverse diameter of the odontoid at the waist below 9 mm. There was a statistically significant difference in all the measurements of the odontoid between the male and female patients except in the anteroposterior diameter of the base of odontoid (P ¼ .06) in the axial cut, and the radiologically calculated screw insertion angle (P ¼ .57). The mean distance between the apex of the odontoid and the screw exit was 1.8 6 0.75 mm (range, 0-3 mm). Conclusions: CT-based morphometric analysis of the odontoid is necessary before using 2-screw fixation technique. Single 4.5-mm Herbert screws could be used in all Egyptian patients without the need for CT-based morphometric analysis of the odontoid. The posterior screw can violate the posterior wall of the odontoid, with a reduced fracture hold and a chance of injuring the thecal sac.

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“…The odontoid process, a term derived from the Greek word "odontas" (Greek: οδόντας, the tooth) is a tooth-shaped process that projects superiorly from the C2 vertebral body and plays a critical role for the function of the craniocervical junction. Anatomically, the dens is divided in four parts: the tip, the body, the neck and the base [1,2]. The dens separates from the atlas and fuses with the body of the axis between the 6th to 7th week of embryonic life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odontoid Process and Femur: A Novel Bond in Anatomy

Vasilopoulos¹,

Tsoucalas²,

Panagouli³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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The morphology and quantitative anatomy of the axis vertebra (C2) attracts a lot of attention between anatomists, surgeons and radiologists. However, no report exists in the literature correlating the height of the dens with the length of the femur. Our paper aims to determine such a correlation. Material and methods An examination of forty-five adult dry skeletons (twenty-three male and twenty-two female) was conducted. The height of the odontoid process of the axis and the maximum length of the femur were measured and statistically analyzed. Results The mean values for the height of the dens were 19.13±2.74 mm and 16.83±2.45 mm concerning the male and female dry skeletons respectively. The mean maximum length of the right femur bone was 43.04±2.32 cm for male and 39.90±2.40 cm for female skeletons. Data analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation (r=0.709, p <0.001) between the height of the odontoid process and the maximum length of the femur bone. A linear regression model expressing this association was created: Femur max length (in cm) = 32.874 + 0.531 x Dens height (in mm). Conclusion We present a new mathematical equation correlating one of the most studied long bones of the skeleton, the femur, with another "long" part of the bony structure of the human body-the C2 odontoid process.

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Morphometric analysis of the odontoid process: using computed tomography—in the Greek population

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

A morphometric study of the odontoid process using three-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) reconstruction

A morphometric study of the odontoid process using three-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) reconstruction

Computerized Tomography–Based Morphometric Analysis of Odontoid in 100 Egyptian Patients

Odontoid Process and Femur: A Novel Bond in Anatomy

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