Mortality associated with phytoplankton blooms among farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland

Bruno, D. W.; Dear, G.; Seaton, Duncan D.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(89)90099-9

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Their cancerogenic effects were also documented (Bell and Codd 1994). The influence of cyanotoxins on fish has been studied by a number of authors using clinical, pathomorphological, histological, ultrastructural, haematological and biochemical methods (Bruno et al 1989;R åbergh et al 1991;Johnston et al 1994;Rodger et al 1994;Tencalla et al 1994;Carbis et al 1996aCarbis et al , 1996bCarbis et al , 1997Bury et al 1997;Palíková et al 1998;V a j cová et al 1998;N avrátil et al 1998;Kopp and Hete‰a 2000).…”

Section: Erythrocytes Leukocytes Plasma Enzymes Total Plasma Protementioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Repeated Exposure of the Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to Cyanobacteria Extract

Palíková¹,

Navrátil²,

Krejčí³

et al. 2004

Acta Vet. Brno

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The aim of this study was to examine the influence of a repeated exposure of the carp to the extract of cyanobacteria. We exposed carp embryos and larvae to the extract of cyanobacteria of the cumulative amount of microcystin LR, YR and RR of 1.3 µg⋅l -1 or 13 µg⋅l -1 , respectively. One year later we exposed one half of these fish to the second dose of the extract of cyanobacteria of the cumulative amount of microcystins of 13 µg⋅l -1 and the second half to pure water to eliminate the influence of handling stress. The haematological and histological changes were examined. Similar changes of haematological indices were detected both after exposure to the extract and after the handling stress of fish. Especially indices of the red blood cells were characterised by significant increase (p ≤ 0.01 or p ≤ 0.05) of haematocrit value and haemoglobin concentration in groups with long-term exposure (30 days) during the early life stages as well as in control groups. The initial values of white blood cell count were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.01) in the control group and in the group exposed to the low concentration (1.3 µg⋅l -1 ) and after short exposure (8 days) during the early life stages as compare to other groups. The white blood cell count of these groups significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.01) after exposure to both pure water and the extract. Phagocytic activity was significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.01 or p ≤ 0.05) after stress and after exposure to the extract in groups of long term exposure (30 days) during the early life stages in comparison to control and groups of low exposure. Total plasma protein concentration significantly increased (p ≤ 0.01) in all groups after exposure to the extract in comparison to the initial values and only in groups of long term exposure during the early life stages and in the control group after the handling stress. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were decreased in groups of long term exposure during the early life stages after the exposure to the extract. Clinical and histological changes were not observed in any group of fish, except for the fatty infiltration of liver with a tendency to focal big droplet dystrophic steatosis in all groups of fish. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma enzymes, total plasma protein, phagocyte activity, early life stages, young fishCyanotoxins produced by blue-green algae and released into the water environment represent a serious problem influencing the health status of various organisms. In human and veterinary medicine, cases of health impairment or poisoning due to water blooms of blue-green algae or their toxic products have been reported (Falconer 1989;Carmichael 1992;Rodger et al. 1994).

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Section: Erythrocytes Leukocytes Plasma Enzymes Total Plasma Protementioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Repeated Exposure of the Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to Cyanobacteria Extract

Palíková¹,

Navrátil²,

Krejčí³

et al. 2004

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…A danger of oxygen depletion followed by suffocation of fish after mass decomposition of algal bloom is usually reported (Noga 1995;Roberts and Schlotfeldt 1986;Schaperclaus et al 1979). Recently, few papers appeared on the studies of the effect of cyanotoxins on fish and aquatic animals (Bruno et al 1989;Garcia 1989;Rabergh et al 1991;Tencalla et al 1994;Navratil 1996;Navratil et al 1995Navratil et al , 1997. They summarize experimental results on the application of cyanophytes or cyanotoxins to trout or common carp (C)pril1us caJpio L.).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Intraperitoneally Applied Pure Microcystin LR on Haematological and Morphological Indices of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.)

Vajcová¹,

Navrátil²,

Palíková³

1998

Acta Vet. Brno

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intraperitoneally applied Microcystin LR to the health condition of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) stockfish by means of assessment of haematological. biochemical and morphological indices.Two-year-old stockfish of silver carp was used for experiments. In the first trial. pure Microcystin LR was applied to the tish intrar.eritoneally in dose of250 ~g' kg· l body weight (bw). A pure Microcystin LR dose of 400 ~g . kg' bw was used in the second experiment. After 48 hours. fish were sampled for blood by cardiopunction to determine the erythrocyte count (RBC

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“…have been associated with mortalities of farmed fish on the Pacific coast of Canada and in Scotland. 99 The cause of death is presumed to be gill damage (from the siliceous spines of the cell wall), leading to asphyxiation.…”

Section: Diatomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Scottish coastal waters, mortalities of farmed salmon have been linked to blooms of this organism. Examples include a bloom consisting predominantly of C. wighami in Loch Torridon, 99 as well as a mixed bloom of C. debile and the silicoflagellate, Dictyocha speculum (previously Distephanus speculum), in the Shetland Isles. 136 These were responsible for the deaths of farmed fish with a market value of several million pounds.…”

Section: Diatoms and Silicoflagellatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful Algal Blooms

Davidson¹,

Tett²,

Gowen³

2011

Marine Pollution and Human Health

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Phytoplankton are free-floating plants found in marine and freshwaters that through their photosynthetic growth form the base of the aquatic food chain. A small subset of the phytoplankton may be harmful to human health or to human use of the ecosystem. The species that cause harm are now widely referred to as 'Harmful Algae' with the term 'Harmful Algal Bloom' (HAB) commonly being used to describe their occurrence and effects. In terms of human health, the most important consequence is the production, by some species, of biotoxins. Typically, biotoxin-producing phytoplankton species exist at relatively low densities (c. few hundred or thousand of cells per litre) with the toxins becoming concentrated in the flesh of organisms (particularly bivalve molluscs) that filter feed on phytoplankton. In most cases, there are no adverse effects to these primary consumers, but this concentrating mechanism creates a risk to health if the shellfish are consumed by humans. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms through which marine phytoplankton may cause harm to humans in terms of heath, and the negative effects on the use of ecosystem services. Subsequently, we consider HAB issues in the area we are most familiar with: UK coastal waters. Finally, the methodologies used to safeguard human health from HAB-generated syndromes are discussed. PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton is the collective name for the tiny organisms in lakes and seas. The word derives from the Greek phyton (plant) and planktos (wandering), 95 Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, 33 Marine Pollution and Human Health Edited by R.E. Hester and R.M. Harrison

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Mortality associated with phytoplankton blooms among farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland

Cited by 53 publications

References 1 publication

Outcomes of Repeated Exposure of the Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to Cyanobacteria Extract

Outcomes of Repeated Exposure of the Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to Cyanobacteria Extract

The Effect of Intraperitoneally Applied Pure Microcystin LR on Haematological and Morphological Indices of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.)

Harmful Algal Blooms

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