Movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum through three contrasting soil types

Mawdsley, J. L.; Brooks, A.E.; Merry, R. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00335990

Cited by 132 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3,6,10,29 The biologic source(s) for C. parvum infection and the exact routes of transmission during these wetter months have not been well described, but the impact of rainfall has been shown to mobilize and transport C. parvum oocysts out of fresh fecal material and fecal slurries and across vegetated soil surfaces and through soil columns. [30][31][32][33] Increased numbers of cases of C. parvum infection in Fortaleza and Lusaka during the rainy season were associated with contaminated drinking water supplied to these population, 3,6 but source of drinking water and mode of water disinfection were not associated with the odds of C. parvum infection among our study population. Because the 50% infectious dose is relatively low for C. parvum, ranging from approximately 10 to 1,000 for healthy humans, 34 oocysts could be transmitted through low levels of contaminated water or food, followed by person-to-person transmission, especially among household members.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Intra-familial and extra-familial risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection among children hospitalized for diarrhea in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.

Pereira¹,

Atwill²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum in diarrheic children who were hospitalized in Goiânia, capital of Goiás State in Brazil. A crude prevalence of 14.4% (64 of 445) was observed using a direct immunfluorescent assay (DFA), but the true prevalence was 18.7% (83 of 445) when a gold standard of immunomagnetic separation was used in combination with the DFA. Infection was more predominant in children less than 24 months old (odds ratio [OR] ‫ס‬ 0.50, 90% confidence interval [CI] ‫ס‬ 0.36-0.68, P ‫ס‬ 0.0001), and males were 2.2 times more at risk for infection when compared with females (OR ‫ס‬ 2.2, 90% CI ‫ס‬ 0.13-3.8, P ‫ס‬ 0.01). The socioeconomic, intra-familial, and environmental factors associated with cryptosporidiosis were day care attendance, household children with diarrhea up to 30 days prior to the interview, contact with surface water within past 30 days prior to the interview, dwelling distance from a body of water, and the late rainy season (P < 0.10). C. parvum was not associated with the parent's occupation, household sleeping arrangements, number of caregivers, breast-fed children, diet and type of food hygiene, source and type of treatment of drinking water, presence of sewage, and animal exposure (P > 0.10). Although weight was not found to be associated with infection, children infected with C. parvum weighed on average 2.0% less than children not infected with C. parvum (P > 0.10). Thus, C. parvum is an important etiologic agent of childhood diarrhea and should be identified in routine parasitologic tests of diarrheal stool samples.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Intra-familial and extra-familial risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection among children hospitalized for diarrhea in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.

Pereira¹,

Atwill²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a laboratory study, three soil types (loamy sand, silty loam, and clay loam) in core columns were seeded with 100 million oocysts and 70 mL/h for four h of distilled water were applied (62). Oocyst migration and occurrence was evaluated in the core and leachate (water collected from the bottom of the core).…”

Section: Cryptosporidium Survival and Fate In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Rose

1997

Annu. Rev. Public Health

197

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cryptosporidium has become the most important contaminant found in drinking water and is associated with a high risk of waterborne disease particularly for the immunocompromised.There have been 12 documented waterborne outbreaks in North America since 1985; in two of these (Milwaukee and Las Vegas) mortality rates in the immunocompromised ranged from 52% to 68%.The immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) using epifluorescence microscopy has been used to examine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in sewage (1 to 120 oocysts/liter), filtered secondary treated wastewater (0.01 to 0.13 oocysts/liter), surface waters (0.001 to 107 oocysts/liter), groundwater (0.004 to 0.922 oocysts/ liter) and treated drinking water (0.001 to 0.72 oocysts/liter).New rules are being developed (Information Collection Rule and Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule) to obtain more occurrence data for drinking water systems for use with new risk assessment models. Public health officials should consider a communication program to physicians treating the immunocompromised, nursing homes, develop a plan to evaluate cases of cryptosporidiosis in the community, and contribute to the development of public policies that limit contamination of source waters, improve water treatment, and protect public health.

show abstract

“…It has been demonstrated that Cryptosporidium oocysts are able to move through various soil types (MAWDSLEY et al, 1996), and excretion levels in calves are related with cooler and more humid environment for Cryptosporidium and Giardia cysts (BARWICK et al, 2003;FAYER, 2004;MADDOX-HYTELL et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., spatial clustering and patterns of shedding in dairy calves from Córdoba, Argentina

Tiranti

Larriestra

Vissio

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of this study were to estimate calf and herd prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., the herd prevalence clustering, spatial distribution according to soil type and shedding patterns in dairy calves from Cordoba, Argentina. Six hundred twenty calves younger than 7 weeks of age from 43 dairy herds were sampled. Samples were processed with the formol-ether and modified Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Univariate analysis and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used. Factors associated were subjected to multivariate analysis with calf shedding intensity as the response variable. Clustering of herd prevalence was assessed by a scan method, and spatial analysis was applied to explore the overlapping of high prevalence herds and soil type. Overall calf prevalence for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts were 19.35% (95% CI: 16.14; 22.54) and 34.50% (95% CI: 30.69; 38.34), respectively. Calves younger than two weeks of age were almost four times more likely to be infected with Cryptosporidium, in comparison to older ones (RR: 3.78, 95% CI: 2.27; 6.26). Giardia spp. shedding showed a similar age pattern (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02; 1.75). A primary cluster of high Cryptosporidium prevalence was found, and high prevalence herds were located in areas with poor drained soil.

show abstract

Movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum through three contrasting soil types

Cited by 132 publications

References 30 publications

Intra-familial and extra-familial risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection among children hospitalized for diarrhea in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.

Intra-familial and extra-familial risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection among children hospitalized for diarrhea in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.

ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., spatial clustering and patterns of shedding in dairy calves from Córdoba, Argentina

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About