“…The mesh-free particle-based (Lagrangian) methods, such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) 1,2 and moving particle semi-implicit/simulation (MPS), 3 are very effective to model violent FSI free-surface flows with large interfacial deformation and fragmentations. 4,5 These methods have been widely developed in the context of hydroelasticity 6,7 and many others as reviewed by Gotoh et al, 8 with some focused on parallel computing in graphics processing units, 9,10 and applied to solve related problems such as sloshing, 11,12 slamming, 13 dam breaking, 14 tsunami, 15,16 structure failures, 17,18,19 composite structures, 20 and biomedical engineering. 21 Nevertheless, since uniform spatial resolution is usually adopted in the fluid domain for large-scale FSI problems involving complex or thin structures, huge computational efforts associated with high-resolution models are demanded.…”