Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: A clinicopathologic classification

Cutaneous Hematopathology

“…Leishmaniasis used to be classifi ed into a cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral form; however, this simplistic classifi cation has been abandoned in favor of a classifi cation that recognizes the overlap in the clinical spectrum of various types of leishmaniasis (Sangueza et al 1993 ;Pearson and Sousa 1996 ;Samady et al 1996 ). Each form of leishmaniasis is associated with a different type of Leishmania spp.…”

Skin Infections

“…743,747,748 Mucosal lesions usually begin with erythema and ulceration of the nares, which can evolve to highly destructive lesions that can perforate the nasal septum and can involve the nasopharynx and tongue, causing significant deformities. 751 Tuberculoid and suppurative lymphocytes, and an occasional giant cell; parasites are hard to find. 750 Microscopic examination of mucosal lesions usually reveals extensive ulceration flanked by pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia.…”

Infectious and tropical diseases affecting the human mouth

“…Clinical features. Cutaneous leishmaniasis may cause lip (192) or facial swelling (25). The mouth may be involved by direct extension from cutaneous leishmaniasis (oriental sore or chiclero ulcer) (71,141).…”

“…Oral lesions are, however, most frequent in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and appear in patients who have defective macrophage function or cytokine production (192). The hard palate is typically involved (espundia), but lesions can spread to the soft palate, uvula and pharynx or, less commonly, to involve the gingivae and upper lip.…”