Multi-country comparison of plasma lipid relationship to years of schooling in men and women

Abstract

Lipid and lipoprotein levels consistent with atherogenicity varied directly with years of schooling in Chinese, Polish, and Russian samples. Opposite trends were present in US whites. These findings are consistent with a hypothesized influence of social status on CHD risk differing among populations in relation to stages in societal economic development.

Income, education, and blood pressure in adults in Jamaica, a middle-income developing country

“…7 In contrast to the positive association between blood pressure and socioeconomic status observed in Nigeria, 7 a recent systematic review of studies from high-income countries found that 42 out of 50 eligible reports showed a negative association between blood pressure and socioeconomic status. 8 This pattern of association was more consistent in women than men.…”

“…It has been hypothesized that there may be a transition in the relationship between SES and CVD risk, with the direction and magnitude of the associations changing from positive to negative with Westernization and economic development. 7,8 While there is limited-and conflicting-empirical Background At present, little is known about how socioeconomic status (SES) is related to blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in developing countries. This cross-sectional study examined associations between SES and BP in 2082 adults from a periurban area of Jamaica, a middle-income developing country.…”

“…8,9 In the least developed countries, high SES subgroups may be early adopters of atherogenic and hypertensive lifestyles-characterized by smoking, sedentarism, and diets high in energy and fats. In more industrialized countries, high SES groups may be the first to adopt lifestyles that help to lower CVD risk, or to receive better treatment, while changes in the low SES environment may increasingly promote lifestyles adverse for health.…”

Explaining age-specific inequalities in mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease among South Korean male public servants: relative and absolute perspectives

“…However, the opposite has been reported in many developing countries3 as well as several southern European countries,4 especially among older men 4 – 6. This contrasting pattern can be attributed to differences in the social distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking,7 hypertension,8 and serum cholesterol 9. Based on the calculation of population attributable risk, several studies have shown the important role of these risk factors in IHD in Western and Asian countries 10 – 13.…”

Prevalence of Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors Remain High after Coronary Bypass Graft Surgery: A Multicentre Study Among Turkish Patients

“…We found an independent association between low educational level and hypercholesterolaemia at the time of interview. A multicountry study showed that the influence of social status on CHD risk differs among populations in relation to their level of social and economic development [20]. We found a negative association between the level of education and the use of lipid-lowering agents.…”