Multi-epoch Modeling of TXS 0506+056 and Implications for Long-term High-energy Neutrino Emission

Πετροπούλου, Μαρία; Murase, Kohta; Santander, M.; Buson, S.; Tohuvavohu, A.; Kawamuro, T.; Vasilopoulos, Georgios; Negoro, H.; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Siegel, M. H.; Keivani, A.; Kawai, N.; Mastichiadis, A.; Dimitrakoudis, Stavros

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab76d0

Cited by 85 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 128 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Poisson probability to detect one neutrino is ∼0.01 and ∼0.03 for the two timescales, respectively, which could be interpreted as a statistical fluctuation to account for the association. We note that a similar neutrino luminosity upper limit has been derived in one-zone models of neutrino production of TXS 0506+056 during its 2017 flare (Ansoldi et al 2018;Cerruti et al 2019;Gao et al 2019;Keivani et al 2018;Petropoulou et al 2020b), which must also be interpreted as an upward (∼2σ) fluctuation to account for the observed association. On the other hand, Eq.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerations and Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 81%

3HSP J095507.9+355101: A flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A

Giommi

Padovani

Oikonomou

et al. 2020

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The uncertainty region of the highly energetic neutrino IceCube200107A includes 3HSP J095507.9+355101 (z = 0.557), an extreme blazar, which was detected in a high, very hard, and variable X-ray state shortly after the neutrino arrival. Following a detailed multiwavelength investigation, we confirm that the source is a genuine BL Lac. This new detection differs from TXS 0506+056, which is thus far the first source associated with IceCube neutrinos, and is considered a “masquerading” BL Lac. As in the case of TXS 0506+056, 3HSP J095507.9+355101 is also way off the so-called blazar sequence. We consider 3HSP J095507.9+355101 a possible counterpart to the IceCube neutrino. Finally, we discuss some theoretical implications in terms of neutrino production.

show abstract

Section: Theoretical Considerations and Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 81%

3HSP J095507.9+355101: A flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A

Giommi

Padovani

Oikonomou

et al. 2020

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lepto-hadronic Proton-Synchrotron An interesting aspect of the leptohadronic model is its similarity to that applied to the 2014/15 neutrino flare of blazar TXS 0506+056 by Rodrigues et al (2019) (cf. also the models by Reimer et al 2018;Petropoulou et al 2020). There, the presence of external fields from a BLR leads to a high flux of MeV photons and a lowenergy cutoff in the gamma-ray spectrum.…”

Section: Total Expected Eventsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Multiwavelength and Neutrino Emission from Blazar PKS 1502 + 106

Rodrigues

Garrappa

Gao

et al. 2021

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In July of 2019, the IceCube experiment detected a high-energy neutrino from the direction of the powerful blazar PKS 1502+106. We perform multi-wavelength and multi-messenger modeling of this source, using a fully self-consistent one-zone model that includes the contribution of external radiation fields typical of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). We identify three different activity states of the blazar: the quiescent state, and two distinct flaring states with hard and soft gamma-ray spectra. We find two hadronic models that can both describe the multi-wavelength emission during all three states: a leptohadronic model with a contribution from photo-hadronic processes to X-rays and high-energy gamma rays, and a proton synchrotron model, where the emission from keV to 10 GeV comes from proton synchrotron radiation. Both models predict a substantial neutrino flux that is correlated with the gamma-ray and soft X-ray fluxes. Our results are compatible with the detection of a neutrino during the quiescent state, based on event rate statistics. Upon an extensive parameter scan, we conclude that the soft X-ray spectra observed during bright gamma-ray flares strongly suggest a hadronic contribution, which can be interpreted as additional evidence for cosmic ray acceleration in the source independently of neutrino observations. We find that more arguments can be made in favor of the leptohadronic model vis-a-vis the proton synchrotron scenario, such as a lower energetic demand during the quiescent state, and the fact that the same model has also been shown to describe the observation of neutrinos from blazar TXS 0506+056. The leptohadronic model would be disfavored for flaring states of PKS 1502+106 if no IceCube events were found from the direction of the source before 2010, which would require an archival search.

show abstract

“…Several papers after the event showed that sufficient neutrino flux to explain the detection of the event could be produced within the source, even if the leptonic processes dominated the electromagnetic emission even in γ-rays with only sub-dominant contribution from cascade emission in VHE γ-rays (see e.g. Ansoldi et al 2018;Petropoulou et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of IceCube neutrinos with radio sources observed at Owens Valley and Metsähovi Radio Observatories

Hovatta

Lindfors

Kiehlmann

et al. 2021

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context. Identifying the most likely sources for high-energy neutrino emission has been one of the main topics in high-energy astrophysics ever since the first observation of high-energy neutrinos by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets, blazars, have been considered to be one of the main candidates due to their ability to accelerate particles to high energies.Aims. We study the connection between radio emission and IceCube neutrino events using data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and Metsähovi Radio Observatory blazar monitoring programs. Methods. We identify sources in our radio monitoring sample, which are positionally consistent with IceCube high-energy neutrino events. We estimate their mean flux density and variability amplitudes around the neutrino arrival time, and compare these with values from random samples to establish the significance of our results. Results. We find radio source associations within our samples with 16 high-energy neutrino events detected by IceCube. Nearly half of the associated sources are not detected in the γ-ray energies, but their radio variability properties and Doppler boosting factors are similar to the γ-ray detected objects in our sample so that they could still be potential neutrino emitters. We find that the number of strongly flaring objects in our samples is unlikely to occur due to a random coincidence (at 2σ level), and in the case of OVRO samples, the sample of associated sources is on average at an active state compared to random samples. Conclusions. Based on our results we conclude that although it is clear that not all neutrino events are associated with strong radio flaring blazars, when we see large amplitude radio flares in a blazar at the same time as a neutrino event, it is unlikely to happen by random coincidence.

show abstract

Multi-epoch Modeling of TXS 0506+056 and Implications for Long-term High-energy Neutrino Emission

Cited by 85 publications

References 128 publications

3HSP J095507.9+355101: A flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A

3HSP J095507.9+355101: A flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A

Multiwavelength and Neutrino Emission from Blazar PKS 1502 + 106

Association of IceCube neutrinos with radio sources observed at Owens Valley and Metsähovi Radio Observatories

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About