Multi-Step/Step-Wise Polymerization of Well-Defined Oligomers

Klaerner, G.; Padmanabhan, R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.03768-1

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The physical properties of PHA oligomers are chiefly dependent on the length of the chain [17]. Aside from being biodegradable, PHA oligomers also exhibit excellent biocompatibility as confirmed by their lack of toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive and Functional Oligomers Derived from Natural PHA and Their Synthetic Analogs

Ekere¹,

Kurcok²,

Adamus³

et al. 2020

The Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive and Functional Oligomers Derived from Natural PHA and Their Synthetic Analogs

Ekere¹,

Kurcok²,

Adamus³

et al. 2020

The Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates

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Section: Carrageenan: Potential For Fast Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oligomers have fewer repetitive units [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] and lower molecular masses than polymers. Oligomer production is useful for understanding the mechanism of polymerisation, to optimise polymer production and provide a better understanding of complex macromolecules [ 22 ]. Naturally-occurring oligomers can be found in the structures of enzymes or proteins with the formation of disulphide bridges [ 23 ] and in the bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates [ 24 ].…”

Section: Carrageenan: Potential For Fast Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Properties and Potential of Carrageenan-Based Hard Capsules for Replacing Gelatine: A Review

et al. 2021

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Intense efforts to develop alternative materials for gelatine as a drug-delivery system are progressing at a high rate. Some of the materials developed are hard capsules made from alginate, carrageenan, hypromellose and cellulose. However, there are still some disadvantages that must be minimised or eliminated for future use in drug-delivery systems. This review attempts to review the preparation and potential of seaweed-based, specifically carrageenan, hard capsules, summarise their properties and highlight their potential as an optional main component of hard capsules in a drug-delivery system. The characterisation methods reviewed were dimensional analysis, water and ash content, microbial activity, viscosity analysis, mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, swelling degree analysis, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The release kinetics of the capsule is highlighted as well. This review is expected to provide insights for new researchers developing innovative products from carrageenan-based hard capsules, which will support the development goals of the industry.

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“…Oligomers are low molecular weight polymers which include a small number of repeated units, with their physical properties depending significantly on the length of the chain. Oligomers are, essentially, intermediates in the polymerization reactions …”

Section: Chemical Reactions Involved In Bio-oil Upgradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oligomers are, essentially, intermediates in the polymerization reactions. 173 As it is mentioned in section 3.9, the third step of the acidzeolite catalyzed reaction of methanol to hydrocarbons includes the conversion of light olefins to form paraffins, aromatics, naphthenes, and higher olefins by hydrogen transfer, alkylation, and polycondensation reactions, 102 proceeding via classical carbenium ion mechanisms. 174 An interesting example of the polymerization of oxygenated compounds typically present in bio-oils is that of m-cresol, considered as a model compound for phenolic compounds deriving from the pyrolysis of lignin fractions in biomass, which was studied over Ga-doped zeolites (modified H-Beta and ZSM-5) and Ga-SiO 2 supported catalysts.…”

Section: Bimolecular Dehydration (Condensation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Reaction Pathways in the Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids

et al. 2021

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Bio-oils are the liquid products from the pyrolysis of biomass, which captured pronounced attention and showed relevance as an alternative source of fuels and chemicals. Bio-oils are complex mixtures of a large number of components, mostly oxygenated compounds, including many different chemical functionalities, which require upgrading (removal of oxygen) to be useful as fuels. As acid or bifunctional metal/acid catalysts are used in upgrading, the components in the mixture will be subjected to many different chemical reactions, including, among others, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, dehydration, demethoxylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cracking, isomerization, and hydrogen transfer. Purely thermal reactions are also to be produced in upgrading processes. Thus, the set of chemical reactions is exceptionally intricate. This review provides broad information about the mechanisms of numerous reactions which can take place, based on a transversal view, that is, the emphasis is posed on the reactions and the corresponding descriptions embrace the different chemical groups.

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Multi-Step/Step-Wise Polymerization of Well-Defined Oligomers

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Bioactive and Functional Oligomers Derived from Natural PHA and Their Synthetic Analogs

Bioactive and Functional Oligomers Derived from Natural PHA and Their Synthetic Analogs

Preparation, Properties and Potential of Carrageenan-Based Hard Capsules for Replacing Gelatine: A Review

Review on Reaction Pathways in the Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids

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