“…where is fatigue crack initiation life, which is obtained by fatigue tests. Since it hardly captures the instant when the cracks occur, usually is assumed as the number of cycles at which a 30% drop from the maximum values occurred in either tensile or shear stress [23]. , , , and are the fatigue strength coefficient, the fatigue ductility coefficient, the fatigue strength exponent, and the fatigue ductility exponent, respectively.…”