“…Anion sensing has grown to be a major eld in recent years, with particular emphasis on uoride (F À ) and CN À detection due to their physiological and environmental signicance. Sensing of F À ions is a relevant research area 124 because of the functional diversity on the anion, which is both benecial and detrimental. For example, it is well established that uoride ions play an important role in preventing dental caries and treating of osteoporosis, 125 while excess uoride ions causes several adverse effects such as uorosis, kidney disorder, 126 and bone 127 and skeletal cancer.…”
This review provides an overview on the recent (2016–2020) findings on chemosensors based on pyrazole derivatives. The discussion focuses on the design, physicochemical properties and practical applications of probes.
“…Anion sensing has grown to be a major eld in recent years, with particular emphasis on uoride (F À ) and CN À detection due to their physiological and environmental signicance. Sensing of F À ions is a relevant research area 124 because of the functional diversity on the anion, which is both benecial and detrimental. For example, it is well established that uoride ions play an important role in preventing dental caries and treating of osteoporosis, 125 while excess uoride ions causes several adverse effects such as uorosis, kidney disorder, 126 and bone 127 and skeletal cancer.…”
This review provides an overview on the recent (2016–2020) findings on chemosensors based on pyrazole derivatives. The discussion focuses on the design, physicochemical properties and practical applications of probes.
“…Besides graphene materials, quantum dots with bright emission were also used to construct composite sensors for fluoride ions. In 2017, Zhang and coworkers 76 prepared a ratiometric fluorescent probe by mixing CdTe quantum dots and TIPSprotected 7-hydroxycoumarin, which showed a gradual red-toblue fluorescence response upon interaction with F À ions in alcohol aqueous solutions. This distinct phenomenon can be clearly observed by the ''naked eye'' (Fig.…”
Section: Fluorescent Nanoprobes and Hybrid Systemsmentioning
Critical commentary on and a brief summary of representative F− fluorescent probes, imaging agents and nanosensors based on Si–F chemistry are provided, followed by pointing out the limitations of current systems and possible future directions.
“…An inversely related relationship was shown with correlated FRET-based transduction of donor green-emitting quantum dots and acceptor Cy3 fluorescent dye acceptor through a R/G (red over green) ratio. Yu et al [ 58 ] prepared a ratiometric fluorescent test paper for visualization and quantification of fluoride ions in environmental waters with the use of CdTe quantum dots. As shown in Fig.…”
Application of optically superior, tunable fluorescent nanotechnologies have long been demonstrated throughout many chemical and biological sensing applications. Combined with microfluidics technologies, i.e. on lab-on-a-chip platforms, such fluorescent nanotechnologies have often enabled extreme sensitivity, sometimes down to single molecule level. Within recent years there has been a peak interest in translating fluorescent nanotechnology onto paper-based platforms for chemical and biological sensing, as a simple, low-cost, disposable alternative to conventional silicone-based microfluidic substrates. On the other hand, smartphone integration as an optical detection system as well as user interface and data processing component has been widely attempted, serving as a gateway to on-board quantitative processing, enhanced mobility, and interconnectivity with informational networks. Smartphone sensing can be integrated to these paper-based fluorogenic assays towards demonstrating extreme sensitivity as well as ease-of-use and low-cost. However, with these emerging technologies there are always technical limitations that must be addressed; for example, paper’s autofluorescence that perturbs fluorogenic sensing; smartphone flash’s limitations in fluorescent excitation; smartphone camera’s limitations in detecting narrow-band fluorescent emission, etc. In this review, physical optical setups, digital enhancement algorithms, and various fluorescent measurement techniques are discussed and pinpointed as areas of opportunities to further improve paper-based fluorogenic optical sensing with smartphones.
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