Multiculturalism: Construct validity and stability

Abstract

Multiculturalismvan de Vijver, F.J.R.; Breugelmans, S.M.; Schalk-Soekar, S. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research -You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain -You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. AbstractThe paper provides an overview of our current knowledge of multiculturalism, which refers to the acceptance of and support for the plural nature of a society among mainstreamers and immigrant groups. Multiculturalism is found to be a multifaceted, unifactorial attitude with a good cross-cultural equivalence. Educational level tends to be positively related to multiculturalism at the individual level. Cross-national differences in multiculturalism are positively related to GNP, but unrelated to multiculturalism policies. Both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study showed a remarkable stability of multiculturalism scores in the Netherlands in the last decade, despite the increasingly restrictive immigration laws and negative change in public discourse over the period. Implications of these findings are discussed. #

¿Malos Para Aceptar la Diversidad? Predictores Socio-Demográficos y Psicológicos de las Actitudes Hacia el Multiculturalismo en Chile

“…Puesto que el multiculturalismo presenta diferentes facetas, los científicos sociales han diseñado varios instrumentos de medición para evaluar las actitudes hacia esta ideología (Van de Vijver, Breugelmans & Schalk-Soekar, 2008). Uno de los más conocidos es la Escala de Ideología Multicultural (EIM), elaborada originalmente por Berry y Kalin (1995).…”

Dynamics of Power in Dutch Integration Politics : From Accommodation to Confrontation

“…Did -as Koopmans and his colleagues suggest (Koopmans et al 2005) -growing public dissatisfaction with multiculturalism and hostility towards Islam lead politicians to reconsider and transform past institutional frameworks? Survey results in fact show that attitudes are remarkably constant; they do not show a clear trend of decreasing support for multiculturalism or growing hostility towards minorities (Gijsberts & Vervoort 2007;Van de Vijver et al 2007). Although a considerable share of the population (especially those segments with low levels of cultural capital) express xenophobic or anti-migration sentiments, this share has not grown over time, implying that changes in public opinion cannot explain the turbulence and volatility of integration politics.…”

“…The share of the population supporting the development of a multicultural society in which minorities retain much of their religious and ethnic identity has been remarkably stable since the late 1980s (Vijver et al 2007). Systematic, longitudinal data on opinions on Muslims has only been available since 2004, but there is no straightforward trend in the direction of more or less negativity (TNS-Nipo 2008).…”

The discrimination of immigrants in the socioeconomic domain: the role of intergroup attitudes of the mainstream population

“…Поддержка мультикуль-турной идеологии часто рассматривается в качестве предпосылки для установления гармоничных межгрупповых отношений в культурно многообразных обществах [77]. Мультикультурализм тесно связан с го-раздо более старыми и часто изучаемыми понятиями, такими как этноцентризм и ав-торитаризм, однако в отличие от них пред-полагает особый контекст -культурную неоднородность и фактический или воз-можный межкультурный контакт [66].…”

“…Так, например, установки по отношению к культурному многооб-разию могут иметь прямые последствия для доступных мигрантам аккультура-ционных стратегий [77], а этнические группы, имеющие высокую социальную дистанцию относительно представите-лей принимающего населения, рискуют быть воспринятыми ими в качестве кон-курентов [12]. Конкуренция же между этническими группами, как правило, способствует отношению к мигрантам как к культурной или экономической угрозе [58], что ограничивает путем по-вышения уровня дискриминации их пер-спективы экономического обустройства и мобильности в принимающей стране [55].…”