Multidrug‐Resistant <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Enterobacter</i> Extraintestinal Infection in 37 Dogs

Gibson, Justine S.; Morton, John M.; Cobbold, Rowland N.; Sidjabat, Hanna E.; Filippich, L. J.; Trott, Darren J.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.00124.x

Cited by 62 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Antimicrobial resistance in E. coli is of concern in this tropical island, except for imipenem, which is a last-resort drug for multidrug-resistant E. coli. 16 Over 40% of the E. coli isolates in this study showed multiple drug resistance to 2 to 6 classes of drugs, and one isolate was resistant to cefotaxime, which indicates resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins. 7 This is of concern in small animal medicine as well as of public health significance when the genes are transferable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs in a Tropical Island and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolates for the Period 2010-2016

Irizarry¹,

Amadi²,

Brathwaite-Sylvester³

et al. 2017

Vet Med Open J

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Background: Published information on bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) in dogs in tropical countries, including the Caribbean is scanty. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance helps in empirical selection of drugs. The objectives of this study were to examine the diagnostic laboratory records on canine UTI in Grenada for the period of 2009 to 2016, and to identify drugs which are most likely to be effective. Methods: Urine samples from 468 dogs suspected of urinary tract infection (UTI) were quantitatively cultured, and the bacterial isolates were identified by phenotypic methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using the standard disk diffusion method against 6 or more drugs. Results: Of the 150 culture-positive samples, 71.3% were positive for Gram-negative bacterial UTI, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were the predominant species. Antimicrobial resistance was least to enrofloxacin (7.8%) and most to tetracycline (58.7%) when both Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates were considered together. With regard to E. coli, none of the 39 isolates tested were resistant to imipenem, a last-resort drug, but 42% isolates showed resistance to 2 or more classes of drugs, including 2 isolates with multi-resistance to 6 classes of drugs. One E. coli isolate was resistant to 5 classes of drugs, including resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESC), as indicated by resistance to cefotaxime and 4 other cephalosporins. Conclusions: This study confirms that E. coli is the common bacterial species associated with UTI in dogs in Grenada, and that resistance is minimal to enrofloxacin when all bacteria are considered together. However, emerging E. coli with multi-drug resistance to ESC is of concern, and continued monitoring is important for prudent use of antimicrobial drugs, and to detect emerging trends in veterinary medicine, including those of public health significance such as resistance to ESC, which may be transferred to human pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs in a Tropical Island and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolates for the Period 2010-2016

Irizarry¹,

Amadi²,

Brathwaite-Sylvester³

et al. 2017

Vet Med Open J

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“…TCC may cause a failure of host barriers as a result of abnormal patterns of voiding, decreased mucosal defenses caused by changes in the uroepithelium, and by decreased antibacterial properties caused by alterations of urine pH or host defense peptides, thereby predisposing to UTI 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Previously, published studies have shown that underlying illness contributing to immunosuppression is a risk factor for development of persistent or recurrent infections, suggesting that patients with cancer, those receiving chemotherapy or both may be at higher risk of UTI 10, 13, 14. Possible sequelae to untreated bacterial UTI include renal failure, pyelonephritis, lower urinary tract dysfunction, septicemia, prostatitis, discospondylitis, or anemia 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Dogs

Budreckis

Byrne

Pollard

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTI) are believed to be common in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), but incidence and contributing factors have not been reported.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency and bacterial agents associated with UTI in dogs with TCC and define contributing factors.AnimalsEighty‐five dogs with a history of urogenital TCC undergoing treatment with chemotherapy that had at least 1 urine culture performed.MethodsMedical records and culture results were retrospectively reviewed and ultrasound images were reviewed when available. Clinical factors were evaluated statistically for association with positive culture.ResultsFifty‐five percent (47/85) of dogs had at least 1 positive culture during the course of treatment. Female dogs (80%, 40/50) were more likely than male dogs (29%, 10/35) to have at least 1 positive culture. Ultrasound examination determined that female dogs were more likely to have urethral (74%, 31/42) or trigonal tumor involvement (71%, 30/42) compared to male dogs (32%, 9/28 and 43%, 12/28, respectively). The most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus spp. (23.9%, 29/121) and Escherichia coli (19.8%, 24/121). Dogs with urethral involvement of TCC were significantly more likely to have at least 1 positive culture than dogs without urethral involvement (75%, 30/40 versus 30%, 9/30).Conclusions Urinary tract infection is common in dogs with TCC highlighting the importance of regular monitoring for bacterial cystitis in dogs with TCC. In addition, clinical factors such as tumor location and sex may be predictive of positive culture and can help clinicians assess the risk of UTI.

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“…Thirty percent of isolates, 54% of which were E. coli, were classified as MDR, which is not surprising given that prior exposure to antimicrobials is a recognised risk factor for multidrug-resistance (Gibson et al, 2008;Hernandez et al, 2014). Twelve dogs in this study did not have MDR isolates on initial presentation but subsequently had MDR isolates cultured.…”

Section: Coli K Pneumoniae Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Enteromentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A change in the predominant MDR E. coli resistance profile in an Australian veterinary teaching hospital over time (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) has also been documented (Gibson et al, 2008). Profiles prevalent in later years, although similar to the prevailing early profile, changed in susceptibility to 3 rd generation cephalosporins and cefoxitin (Gibson et al, 2008). More recently, a study conducted on positive canine urine cultures in the United Kingdom documented increasing multiple antimicrobial resistance for P. aeruginosa and E.…”

Section: Observations Of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance In Caninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, fluoroquinolone administration was associated with a much greater likelihood of colonisation with a quinolone-resistant E. coli strain (Ogeer-Gyles et al, 2006). The majority of dogs with MDR E. coli and Enterobacter extraintestinal infections in another study had been hospitalised for ≥ 3 days and had received prior treatment with antimicrobials (Gibson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Observations Of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance In Straimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventing canine urinary tract infection (UTI) using an asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) Escherichia coli strain

Thompson¹

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Bacterial cystitis occurs with reasonable frequency in dogs. Persistent infection and repeated reinfection (recurrent bacterial urinary tract infection, hereafter termed recurrent UTI) is reported less frequently. Recurrent urinary tract infection is predominantly diagnosed in dogs with a predisposing or comorbid condition, and episodes are often subclinical. Escherichia coli is the most frequently cultured species in both uncomplicated bacterial cystitis and recurrent UTI.Antimicrobial therapy limitations and global emergence of bacterial strains that are both virulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) has led to an urgent requirement for novel control strategies in both companion animals and humans. Escherichia coli strain 83972 has been successfully used to colonise the bladder of humans with recurrent UTI in order to reduce the incidence of subsequent febrile UTI via the process of active bacterial interference. This strategy has not been utilised in dogs to date but may prove an effective alternative to antimicrobial therapy if it can be shown to colonise the bladder of dogs safely and effectively compete with uropathogens.A retrospective study to examine the signalment, infecting strains, presence of clinical signs, and incidence of pyuria in Australian dogs with recurrent urinary tract infection was performed. The findings were similar to those of two large North-American studies with regard to signalment, predisposing or comorbid diseases, bacterial species isolated, and resistance to commonly used oral antimicrobials, although the median age of our dogs was higher at 10 years (7 years in both prior studies). Examination of the E. coli isolates from a subset of nine dogs provided new information on phylogenetic group, virulence gene profiles, haemolytic phenotype, expression of type 1 fimbriae, and sequence type (ST). Phylogenetic groups F and B2 were frequently identified, representing 13/32 (41%) and 8/32 (25%) of isolates respectively, but no phylogroup B2 isolates were MDR, in comparison with phylogroup F isolates, which accounted for 12/16 (75%) MDR isolates. Clonal groups of global importance such as ST131-B2, ST354-F, ST38-D and ST457-F were represented, with possible implications for both companion animal and human health. Of particular concern was the repeated isolation of ST354-F strains from the urine of a paralysed dog over a 3-year period.When competition experiments between E. coli 83972 and a selection of canine uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), including emerging, highly virulent MDR strains with zoonotic potential, were performed in pooled canine urine, E. coli 83972 was largely non-competitive against the canine isolates after 17 hr of incubation. This finding contrasted with the competitive superiority previously exhibited by E. coli 83972 in pooled human urine in competition experiments with human UPEC strains. In 5/10 trials, the E. coli 83972 was not outcompeted in canine urine, iii however, and given that the starting ratio in dogs following prophylactic bladder colonisation would ...

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Multidrug‐Resistant E. coli and Enterobacter Extraintestinal Infection in 37 Dogs

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Update on Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs in a Tropical Island and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolates for the Period 2010-2016

Update on Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs in a Tropical Island and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolates for the Period 2010-2016

Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Dogs

Preventing canine urinary tract infection (UTI) using an asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) Escherichia coli strain

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