Multifaceted application of crop residue biochar as a tool for sustainable agriculture: An ecological perspective

Singh, R. V.; Babu, J. Nagendra; Kumar, Rajesh; Srivastava, Pratap; Singh, Pardeep; Raghubanshi, A. S.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.01.011

Cited by 126 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 265 publications

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“…Recently, biochar soil application has been discussed at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for possible consideration as a potential climate mitigation technology in accounting carbon credit (International Biochar Initiative), and a methodology for including biochar soil application as a carbon trading option has been reviewed by the American Carbon Registry (Koper et al 2013). However, significantly more studies are needed before this approach can be considered for wide-spread commercial implementation (Novak et al 2014;Baronti et al 2014;Dai et al 2013;Singh et al 2015Singh et al , 2014Zhang et al 2010;Blackwell et al 2010;Spokas et al 2010;Beesley et al 2010;Topoliantz et al 2005). In this paper, we report the results of a biochar characterization study performed at ORNL using biochar materials produced from peanut hulls and pine wood under various different pyrolysis conditions as part of the efforts to develop better biochar materials for potential application as a soil amendment and carbon sequestration agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of biochars produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions

Lee

Hawkins²,

Kidder

et al. 2016

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Background: Application of modern biomass pyrolysis methods for production of biofuels and biochar is potentially a significant approach to enable global carbon capture and sequestration. To realize this potential, it is essential to develop methods that produce biochar with the characteristics needed for effective soil amendment.Methods: Biochar materials were produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions, then characterized by cation exchange (CEC) capacity assays, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements, micro/nanostructural imaging, infrared spectra and elemental analyses.Results: Under a standard assay condition of pH 8.5, the CEC values of the peanut hull-derived biochar materials, ranging from 6.22 to 66.56 cmol kg −1 , are significantly higher than those of the southern yellow pine-derived biochar, which are near zero or negative. The biochar produced from peanut hulls with a steam activation process yielded the highest CEC value of 66.56 cmol kg −1 , which is about 5 times higher than the cation exchange capacity (12.51 cmol kg −1 ) of a reference soil sample. Notably, biochar produced from peanut hulls with batch barrel retort pyrolysis also has a much higher CEC value (60.12 cmol kg ) from Eprida's H 2 -producing continuous steam injection process. The CEC values were shown to correlate well with the ratios of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms (O:C ratios) in the biochar materials. The higher O:C ratio in a biochar material may indicate the presence of more hydroxyl, carboxylate, and carbonyl groups that contribute to a higher CEC value for the biochar product. In addition, the increase in surface area can also play a role in increasing the CEC value of biochar, as in the case of the steam activation char. Conclusion:Comparison of characterization results indicated that CEC value is determined not only by the type of the source biomass materials but also by the pyrolysis conditions. Biochar with the desirable characteristics of extremely high surface area (700 m 2 /g) and cation exchange capacity (> 60 cmol kg) was created through steam activation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of biochars produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions

Lee

Hawkins²,

Kidder

et al. 2016

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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“…Table 3 shows the types of pyrolysis techniques. All types vary in expressions of modifications to structure of raw material (feedstock's), temperatures & heating rates, that outcome in the production of various quantities of every product (like biochar, biooil & syngas) [87] [88].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Methods Of Preparation Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Paper: The Fundamentals of Biochar as a Soil Amendment Tool and Management in Agriculture Scope: An Overview for Farmers and Gardeners

Shareef¹,

Zhao²

2017

JACEN

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Improving the soil and biomass with coal is estimated at the international level as a way to enhance soil productiveness, fertility and also to mitigate climate change. Biochar employed to improve land scope and impound carbon, is attracting a great deal of attention. Its characteristics of chemical, physical and biological properties, containing big surface area, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), high water-holding capacity, size of pore, volume, distribution, and element composition, affect its recognized influences, particularly on microbial communities. These are discovered in the agriculture lands, lands remediation and composting. However, incomplete information existed about biochar for several farmers or peasants in agriculture scope. Therefore, farmers or peasants and gardeners are facing new opportunities and defiance each day, from feeding global extending and expanding population, whilst meeting severe new emissions requirements, to create more food on fewer land area while reducing their environmental emissions. Widespread application and utilization of biochar in agricultural scope, forestry production, energy, environmental protection and additional areas, has interested awareness by scientists and investigators inside and/or outside the country. The objective of this paper is to provide a guide for the farmers or peasants and gardeners with an essential information about biochar and what the ability of biochar can be achieved in the soil, and which can provide the scientific reference for the biochar application, and to get high yield and good quality of crops in all of different soils.

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“…Nitrogen in organic materials began to volatilize at 200°C and more than half of N was lost at 500°C (Dubreuil and Moore 1982;Singh et al 2015, Sánchez-García et al 2015. P and K volatilize only at a temperature greater than 760°C (Dubreuil and Moore 1982;Neary et al 1999;Knicker 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annually, the manure from these chickens produces around 540 million kg of nitrogen (FAOSTAT 2002). Consequently, there is an increasing need to manage the waste biomasses and recycle them into useful environment-friendly byproducts using strategies like composting, biochemical conversion and carbonization (Jeffery et al 2015;Sánchez-García et al 2015;Singh et al 2015). For effective management of enormous waste biomasses, carbonization technology is preferred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, Roberts et al (2010) stated that carbonization could be an economically viable strategy for transforming waste biomass into value-added materials while suppressing energy costs and achieving a carbon offset. For energy saving and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, carbonization should be performed as in Roberts et al (2010), and the resulting char must be applied to land to remove the carbon from the atmosphere (Gaunt and Lehmann 2008;Singh et al 2015;Kuppusamy et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low temperature carbonization of chicken manure to char and its effect on growth of Oryza sativa L. Koshihikari and Brassica rapa komatsuna

Ishimori

Sato²,

Hassan

et al. 2017

Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr

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Considering the demand for transforming poultry waste into eco-friendly manure, we carbonized chicken manure at 402, 449 and 528°C and determined the physicochemical properties. We evaluated the effectiveness of the ensuing carbonized chicken manure (CCM) as a fertilizer using Brassica rapa, var. komatsuna and Oryza sativa L., var. japonica, cv. Koshihikari, in the upland and the paddy field soil, respectively. Herein, we carried out duplicate treatment of CCM (carbonized at 528°C) either alone or in combination with nitrogen and measured the growth from three or more plants. The plots with the recommended chemical fertilizers containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and with no fertilizers were used as controls for growth measurement. The vessel tests indicated that when applied alone, the CCM plot could not support the normal growth of both the plants. However, the CCM plot restored the plant growth with simultaneous application of nitrogen, and the growth in the CCM ? N plot was comparable to that observed in the NPK plot. By estimating the growth in the NPK plots as 100%, the growth percentages of fresh weights of komatsuna were 12% in the CCM plot, 79% in the N plot and 99% in the CCM ? N plot. Likewise, the plant heights of Koshihikari were 43% in the CCM plot, 77% in the N plot and 99% in the CCM ? N plot. Our data suggest CCM supplementation to N fertilizers as a potential replacement of inorganic fertilizers like P and K for effective environmental management.

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Multifaceted application of crop residue biochar as a tool for sustainable agriculture: An ecological perspective

Cited by 126 publications

References 265 publications

Characterization of biochars produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions

Characterization of biochars produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions

Review Paper: The Fundamentals of Biochar as a Soil Amendment Tool and Management in Agriculture Scope: An Overview for Farmers and Gardeners

Low temperature carbonization of chicken manure to char and its effect on growth of Oryza sativa L. Koshihikari and Brassica rapa komatsuna

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