Multifunctional Antibacterial Materials for the Control of Hazardous Microbes and Chemicals: A Review

Abstract

Currently, serious challenges to drinking water security remain. Toxic chemicals and opportunistic pathogens can trigger a grave health risks even in areas where the water supply system is relatively ideal. Antibacterial functionalization of water treatment technologies is introduced on the basis of the safety evaluation of microorganisms and chemicals. For water purification materials themselves, the introduction of an antibacterial function effectively ensures that they are prevented from being contaminated by microorganisms during long-term use. The antibacterial function of traditional water purification technologies can be realized through some modifications. The principle of some novel antibacterial approaches is summarized, which provides new inspiration for the precise design of environmental antibacterial materials. More importantly, attention is given to antibacterial modification methods and the effects between antibacterial function and the capture and/or degradation of pollutants. The application of multifunctional antibacterial materials in the purification, transportation, and storage of drinking water is also discussed.

Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Obtained from Chemical versus Saponaria officinalis Extract-Mediated Synthesis

“…These ROS are aided by surface defects of ZnO, which are abundant in nanocrystalline form. It is also worth mentioning that the concentration and nanostructures morphology of ZnO may also influence the biologic activity [24][25][26]. Other cytotoxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles come from coordination effects of the metal ion with human proteins that can result in major structural changes [27,28] and also the disruption of homeostatic mechanisms [29].…”

Traditional and Emerging Water Disinfection Technologies Challenging the Control of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes

“…The most widely used photocatalyst is TiO 2 . In order to allow it to absorb visible light, a large number of modification studies have been carried out, including ion doping, noble metal deposition, dye sensitization, and coupling with other substances. − Simultaneously, many researchers are dedicated to the development of non-TiO 2 photocatalysts, including complex metal oxides, sulfides, nitrides, and nitrogen oxides. − PC has recently emerged as a “green” water disinfection technology with several advantages. ,− One of the advantages is that it can directly use sunlight to achieve various chemical reactions, which can show a more excellent bacterial inactivation effect than sunlight disinfection . In addition, UV-driven PCs show better disinfection performance than UV alone .…”

Combined Modification of Fiber Materials by Enzymes and Metal Nanoparticles for Chemical and Biological Protection

“…The general approach to countering chemical and biological hazards is still isolation from them [4]. Meanwhile, there is a tremendous progress in the development of novel materials, especially nanomaterials [5], allowing not only prevention of their direct impact on humans, but also the active elimination of such biological pathogens and toxic chemical compounds [6]. Universal materials eliminating both chemical and biological hazards seem to be the most promising for application.…”