Multifunctional magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: diverse synthetic approaches, surface modifications, cytotoxicity towards biomedical and industrial applications

Abstract

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) play a major role in the emerging fields of nanotechnology to facilitate rapid advancements in biomedical and industrial platforms. The superparamagnetic properties of MIONPs and their environment friendly synthetic methods with well-defined particle size have become indispensable to obtain their full potential in a variety of applications ranging from cellular to diverse areas of biomedical science. Thus, the broadened scope and need for MIONPs in their demanding fields of applications required to be highlighted for a comprehensive understanding of their state-of-the-art. Many synthetic methods, however, do not entirely abolish their undesired cytotoxic effects caused by free radical production and high iron dosage. In addition, the agglomeration of MIONPs has also been a major problem. To alleviate these issues, suitable surface modification strategies adaptive to MIONPs has been suggested not only for the effective cytotoxicity control but also to minimize their agglomeration. The surface modification using inorganic and organic polymeric materials would represent an efficient strategy to utilize the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of MIONPs in various human diseases including cancer. This review article elaborates the structural and magnetic properties of MIONPs, specifically magnetite, maghemite and hematite, followed by the important synthetic methods that can be exploited for biomedical approaches. The in vivo cytotoxic effects and the possible surface modifications employed to eliminate the cytotoxicity thereby enhancing the nanoparticle efficacy are also critically discussed. The roles and applications of surface modified MIONPs in medical and industrial platforms have been described for the benefits of global well-being.

Combination Design of Time-Dependent Magnetic Field and Magnetic Nanocomposites to Guide Cell Behavior

“…In the current research, a procedure that had already been reported for the preparation of the PCL solution and MNPs (e.g., PVP-coated Fe 3 O 4 and iron-doped hydroxyapatite) dispersion under ultrasonication [34,38,46] was adopted to prepare PCL/Fe 3 O 4 pellets for the manufacturing of nanocomposites. Moreover, many studies have dealt with the high dispersion stability of PVP-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles in different solvents, sonochemical methods, andsonication methods in the presence of PVP as stabilizer to produce well-dispersed nanoparticles [51,52].…”

3D Printing and Nanotechnology: A Multiscale Alliance in Personalized Medicine

“…[ 59 ] Besides, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (<30 nm) are desirable in the biomedical field because they are typically nontoxic, provide great magnetic resonance imaging and, when exposed to an alternating magnetic field, present a hyperthermic effect. [ 97,98 ] Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are solid materials with a highly porous structure. This honeycomb‐like structure can encapsulate active molecules in their hundreds of empty channels.…”

Nanomaterials in wound healing: From material sciences to wound healing applications

“…[ 50 ] The roles and applications of surface modified Magnetic NPs in medical field have been extensively and recently reviewed. [ 51 ] A study was performed to investigate the influence of a nano‐coated wound dressing containing magnetite NPs and Satureja hortensis essential oil on Candida albicans colonization rate and biofilm formation. The results demonstrated that the modified wound dressing strongly inhibited fungal adherence and biofilm formation.…”