Multilayer Flexible Substrate Antenna Sensor for PT Measurement From Blood Plasma to Avoid Turbidity and Reagent Sensitivity Variations Through Regression Modelling

Annaram, K.; Shanker, Nirmaan

doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3062415

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The authors in [22], and [23] used the RADWT algorithm for the determination of prothrombin time. The authors in [24] measured the glycemic index using a GMR sensor and RADWT algorithm for the detection of glaucoma disease at an early stage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring with Armband-Embedded Antenna Sensor and RADWT Algorithm

2024

Preprint

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Researchers are continuing to align new technology and increased medical understanding to provide even more ways to help diabetics live healthier lives. Antenna sensors are also being developed for non-invasive glucose monitoring. Wearable technology in healthcare has several advantages, including convenience, lower healthcare costs, improved diagnosis, and improved patient outcomes. A wearable patch antenna can be a passive sensor to detect various body signals. Signal acquisition and linear regression modeling monitor fluctuating diabetes levels with an antenna sensor. The antenna's operating frequency is set to 4.1 GHz, which is in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band. As a substrate material, rigid FR4 (r = 3.5, tan = 0.0027, and thickness of 0.1 mm) is used. The proposed antenna will improve return loss, VSWR, gain, and efficiency. In comparison to other existing wearable antennas, it has a lower return loss, VSWR, gain, and specific absorption rate (SAR). The achieved antenna return loss at 4.1 GHz is approximately 37 dB, the achieved directivity at 4.1 GHz is 2.1 dBi and the achieved gain is 1.8 dBi. The VSWR value obtained at 4.1 GHz is acceptable in terms of impedance matching. The proposed antenna design is designed and simulated using CST. The acquired signal from the thumb tip antenna was processed using the linear regression algorithm to calculate the blood glucose level. The experimental results indicate that, with regression modeling, the signal from the thumb tip antenna could be used to more reliably monitor blood glucose levels than existing invasive methods. The experimental results validated blood glucose levels taken from the thumb tip using an AccuChek glucometer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring with Armband-Embedded Antenna Sensor and RADWT Algorithm

2024

Preprint

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“…UWB Body-worn antenna for wearable applications that suppresses backside radiation from the human body with water-resisting and easily implementation capability can be achieved by full ground plane with PDMS polymer as substrate [11]. A Flexible UWB antenna for prothrombin time detection [12] and detection of acute coronary syndrome [13]. A malleable UWB antenna with band notching characteristics to subside the WLAN interference band can be implemented for wearable applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiband Flexible Ultra-Wideband Antenna for Wearable Electronics and Biomedical Applications

G²,

Karuppiah

et al. 2023

Int J Mult Comp Eng

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This article proposes a flexible ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for wearable electronics and biomedical applications. The antenna presented for this work is fabricated on a Kapton polyimide (PI) substrate, and the operating frequency ranges from 2.4 GHz to 7.1 GHz. The footprint of the proposed antenna is 35 × 45 mm with an elliptical radiating element fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW), which achieves improved impedance matching characteristics. The choice of substrate, design constraints, fabrication process, and bending test of the proposed flexible UWB antenna are explained in detail in this paper. A comparative study on the choice of substrate is performed and the Kapton PI is chosen as the substrate material, which makes the antenna less susceptible to degradation in antenna performance that arises due to bending effects. The measurement and simulated results of the fabricated antenna show a good degree of agreement. The return loss performance of the proposed antenna is greater than -10 dB in all the operating bands with improved gain and directivity. The flexible nature with multiple frequency bands of operation and good bending performance makes the proposed antenna appropriate for wearable electronic and biomedical applications.

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“…Wireless sensors are differentiated into active and passive wireless sensors. Applications of passive wireless sensors include passive radar [1][2][3][4][5], liquid sensing [6][7][8], spatial positioning [9][10][11][12][13], RFID [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and blood glucose determination [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Field Sensing Applications with Tunable Beam Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors in an All-in-One Chip Design

Chung

Lin

2022

Electronics

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In this paper, a single-band beam control antenna is designed with a parallel coupler to realize a microstrip patch antenna passive wireless sensor in the form of a chip. It has a phase shift characteristic of the antenna radiation direction in the positive and negative directions. The antenna includes an orthogonal direction coupler design with a 90° parallel coupler in phase using a special structure that allows the whole chip area to be miniaturized while allowing the main beam angle to have a directivity function. The coupler is designed for the 28 GHz millimeter wave band. After feeding the patch antenna at the output port of the coupler and simultaneously feeding the excitation at the input port, the beam phase changes to +45° and +135° with a phase difference of 90°. The designed antenna size is 1160 μm × 790 m, and the overall IC size is 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm. The power density simulation shows that the maximum power density is only 0.00797 W/kg for a 1 human sampling area, which means that the antenna sensor is suitable for use on human surfaces.

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Multilayer Flexible Substrate Antenna Sensor for PT Measurement From Blood Plasma to Avoid Turbidity and Reagent Sensitivity Variations Through Regression Modelling

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring with Armband-Embedded Antenna Sensor and RADWT Algorithm

Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring with Armband-Embedded Antenna Sensor and RADWT Algorithm

Multiband Flexible Ultra-Wideband Antenna for Wearable Electronics and Biomedical Applications

Near Field Sensing Applications with Tunable Beam Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors in an All-in-One Chip Design

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