Multilevel Modeling Using R

Finch, W. Holmes; Bolin, Jocelyn H.; Kelley, Ken

doi:10.1201/9781351062268

Cited by 147 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…To account for the nonindependence of observations (daily assessments nested within individuals), we estimated the effect of trait self-control on daily loneliness using multilevel regression. The models included a random intercept at the level of participants; to account for longitudinal data structure, we additionally specified an error structure that allowed for correlations between adjacent time points for the same participant (Finch et al, 2019). Model 1 (see Table 3) showed that individuals with lower trait self-control experienced more loneliness within the observation period (7 days; b = −0.75, p < .001, 95% CI = [−0.92; −0.58]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used multilevel regression, with assessments nested within participants. The analyses included a random effect of participants; to account for longitudinal data structure, we additionally specified an error structure that allowed for correlations between adjacent time points for the same participant (Finch et al, 2019). We centered all continuous predictors within-persons (Enders & Tofighi, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Self-Control: A Hidden Cause of Loneliness?

Stavrova

Ren

Pronk

2021

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Loneliness has been associated with multiple negative outcomes. But what contributes to loneliness in the first place? Drawing from the literature on the importance of self-regulatory ability for successful social functioning, the present research explored the role of low self-control as a factor leading to loneliness. A set of four studies (and three additional studies in Supplementary Online Materials ) using cross-sectional, experimental, daily diary, and experience sampling methods showed that lower self-control is associated with higher loneliness at both trait and state levels. Why does low self-control contribute to loneliness? Self-control failures that have negative implications for others lead to higher risks for being ostracized by others, which predicts increased feelings of loneliness over time. These results suggest that low self-control, which is often associated with negative intrapersonal outcomes, can have important interpersonal consequences by evoking ostracism, and consequently, loneliness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Self-Control: A Hidden Cause of Loneliness?

Stavrova

Ren

Pronk

2021

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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“…Fixed effects were tested at the level of participants (i.e., Level 2). This statistical approach accounts for dependency within participants and introduces less bias related to missing data compared to traditional statistical analyses, such as repeated-measures analysis of variance (Finch, Bolin, & Kelley, 2014; Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002). All analyses were conducted using the R statistical programming language, version 3.4.0 (R Core Team, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/ethnic disparities in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect in adolescence

et al. 2018

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Racial/ethnic minorities are more vulnerable to mental and physical health problems, but we know little about the psychobiological underpinnings of these disparities. In this study, we examined racial/ethnic differences in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect as initial steps toward elucidating long-term health disparities. A racially/ethnically diverse (39.5% White, 60.5% minority) sample of 370 adolescents (57.3% female) between the ages of 11.9 and 18 years (M = 14.65 years, SD = 1.39) participated in this study. These adolescents provided 16 cortisol samples (4 samples per day across 4 days), allowing the computation of diurnal cortisol slopes, the cortisol awakening response, and diurnal cortisol output (area under the curve), as well as daily diary ratings of high-arousal and low-arousal positive and negative affect. Consistent with prior research, we found that racial/ethnic minorities (particularly African American and Latino youth) exhibited flatter diurnal cortisol slopes compared to White youth, F (1, 344.7) = 5.26, p = .02, effect size g = 0.25. Furthermore, African American and Asian American youth reported lower levels of positive affect (both high arousal and low arousal) compared to White youth. Racial/ethnic differences in affect did not explain differences in cortisol patterns, suggesting a need to refine our models of relations between affect and hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenocortical activity. We conclude by proposing that a deeper understanding of cultural development may help elucidate the complex associations between affect and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical functioning and how they explain racial/ethnic differences in both affect and stress biology.

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“…In short, it is not certain that multisite experiments are the way out of the powerlessness problem. Perhaps design details, like block randomization (Gill & Weisburd, 2013), or alternative analytics like mixed models (Browne, Lahi, & Parker, 2009;Finch, Bolin, & Kelley, 2019), might sufficiently enhance the statistical power of multicity studies focusing on micro-scaled predictive policing to make them minimally viable. But this, too, is an empirical question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Was the pope to blame? Statistical powerlessness and the predictive policing of micro‐scale randomized control trials

Taylor

Ratcliffe

2020

Criminology & Public Policy

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Hinkle et al. (2013) highlighted a statistical powerlessness problem in hot-spots policing experiments in midsized cities with moderate property crime rates. The current work demonstrates that this problem is less readily resolved than previously suspected. It reviews results from a predictive policing randomized control trial in a large city with property crime rates higher than Chicago or Los Angeles. It reports, for the first time, a graphical analysis indicating the marked car patrol intervention, practically effective at the 500′ by 500′ (mission) grid level, three grids per shift, likely had a district-wide impact on reducing reported property crime. In addition, it reviews results of a series of thought experiments exploring statistical power impacts of four modified experimental designs. Only one alternative design, with spatially up-scaled predictive policing mission areas and concomitantly higher property crime prevalence rates, produced acceptable statistical power levels. Implications follow for current theoretical confusion in community criminology about concentration effects and units of analysis, and how models organize impacts across those different units. Implications follow for practice amid ongoing concerns about whether predictive policing works and, if it did, how to gauge its impacts and social justice costs. Policy Implications: The current work brings to the fore important questions beyond "does predictive

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Multilevel Modeling Using R

Cited by 147 publications

References 6 publications

Low Self-Control: A Hidden Cause of Loneliness?

Low Self-Control: A Hidden Cause of Loneliness?

Racial/ethnic disparities in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect in adolescence

Was the pope to blame? Statistical powerlessness and the predictive policing of micro‐scale randomized control trials

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