Multimodal bioimaging using nanodiamond and gold hybrid nanoparticles

Abstract

Hybrid core–shell nanodiamond-gold nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized as a novel multifunctional material with tunable and tailored properties for multifunctional biomedical applications. The combination of nanostructured gold and nanodiamond properties afford new options for optical labeling, imaging, sensing, and drug delivery, as well as targeted treatment. ND@Au core–shell nanoparticles composed of nanodiamond (ND) core doped with Si vacancies (SiV) and Au shell were synthesized and characterized in terms of their biomedical applications. Several bioimaging modalities based on the combination of optical and spectroscopic properties of the hybrid nano-systems are demonstrated in cellular and developing zebrafish larvae models. The ND@Au nanoparticles exhibit isolated ND’s Raman signal of sp3 bonded carbon, one-photon fluorescence of SiV with strong zero-phonon line at 740 nm, two-photon excited fluorescence of nanogold with short fluorescence lifetime and strong absorption of X-ray irradiation render them possible imaging agent for Raman mapping, Fluorescence imaging, two-photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (TP-FLIM) and high-resolution hard-X-ray microscopy in biosystems. Potential combination of the imaging facilities with other theranostic functionalities is discussed.

Graphene family in cancer therapy: recent progress in cancer gene/drug delivery applications

“…Additionally, their biological inertness is a vital characteristic for biomedical uses due to AuNP's special surface properties. 77,78 Similar to rGO, Au nanoparticles take advantage of photoacoustic properties and convert NIR light into heat that can be applied in designing multi-functional nanocarriers based on graphene with PTT capability for cancer treatment. 79,80 1.2.4.2 Magnetic particles (IO, SPION, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 ).…”

Gold-Nanoparticle Hybrid Nanostructures for Multimodal Cancer Therapy

“…Similar to [ 177 ], this study could be further improved by incorporating heat release triggers, PTT, or radiotherapy. It is important to note that GNP–micelle hybrids were also used to improve imaging, including photoacoustic [ 179 , 182 ] and CT imaging [ 183 ], thereby extending the potential of micellar GNPs even to image-guided therapy.…”

XFCT-MRI hybrid multimodal contrast agents for complementary imaging

“…To enable multimodality, nanoparticle- (NP-)based contrast agents with different functionalities may be designed and optimized for use with multiple bioimaging techniques. 4–6 Typically, these combine one classical backbone technique – e.g. , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) – with additional optical contrast ( e.g.…”

“…To enable multimodality, nanoparticle-(NP-) based contrast agents with different functionalities may be designed and optimized for use with multiple bioimaging techniques. [4][5][6] Typically, these combine one classical backbone techniquee.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET)with additional optical contrast (e.g., Raman, photoacoustic, fluorescence) providing improved molecular contrast. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Despite their promise, the optical methods suffer from low penetration depth and/or low spatial resolution, 14 thereby reducing their applicability for in vivo imaging and often restricting their use to ex vivo tissue analysis.…”