An all-fiber ratiometric wavelength monitor for optical wavelength measurement is proposed and is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Two edge filters with opposite slope spectral responses based on singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structures are developed. A ratiometric wavelength measurement system employing the developed SMS edge filters demonstrates a high discrimination range of 20.41 dB and a potential wavelength measurement resolution of 10 pm over a wavelength range from 1530 to 1560 nm.
IntroductionA wavelength monitor is a key component for many optical systems such as multi-channel dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) optical communication systems and fibre Bragg grating (FBG) based optical sensing systems. A FBG-based optical sensing system requires a wavelength demodulation system capable of accurately estimating the wavelength shift in the reflected light from an FBG element induced by strain or temperature changes.Wavelength measurement or monitoring can be implemented using a ratiometric power measurement technique. A ratiometric wavelength monitor usually consists of a splitter with two outputs to which are attached an edge filter arm with a well defined spectral response and a reference arm. Alternatively, two edge filters arms with opposite slope spectral responses can be used. The use of two opposite slope edge filters can increase resolution of the ratiometric system [1]. Such a ratiometric wavelength monitor scheme converts the wavelength measurement into a signal intensity measurement. Compared with a wavelength-scanning-based active measurement scheme, it has the advantages of a simple configuration, the potential for high-speed measurement and the absence of mechanical movement. The main element of the ratiometric scheme, the edge filter, can be implemented by either a bulk thin filter [1], a fiber grating [2], biconical fiber couplers [3], or a bending fiber [4,5]. An all-fiber edge filter has several advantages by comparison to bulk filters, for example, ease of interconnection, mechanical stability and low polarization sensitivity [6].Singlemode-multimode and singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structures have been investigated for use in several applications e.g. a fiber lens, a displacement sensor, a refractometer, a bandpass filter and an edge filter [7][8][9][10][11]. Based on our previous investigation [11], this paper proposes and demonstrates a ratiometric wavelength monitor using two edge filters consisting of SMS fiber structures with opposite slope spectral responses. This configuration has the advantage that it can achieve opposite slope spectral responses with a high