Multiple gratings simultaneously formed in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal displays

Bowley, C. C.; Fontecchio, Adam K.; Crawford, Gregory P.; Lin, Jau-Jeng; Li, Le; Faris, S. M.

doi:10.1063/1.125836

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The ITO structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed the ITO films to have a cubic bixbyite structure. 9 The chemical composition was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS analysis was performed with an Axis Ultra spectrometer (Kratos, UK).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfabrication and imaging XPS analysis of ITO thin films

Zhao

Xing

et al. 2007

Surface & Interface Analysis

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In this paper the microfabrication of ITO (tin-doped indium oxide) films by the sol-gel process combined with chemical modification is presented. The microfabricated ITO thin film could be obtained through a one-step process that combines film patterning with film leaching. The morphology and chemical components of the patterned ITO thin films were assessed by microscopy and XPS, respectively. Imaging XPS analysis is an effective way to evaluate the quality of the fine patterning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfabrication and imaging XPS analysis of ITO thin films

Zhao

Xing

et al. 2007

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…However, it is mentioned that the two gratings give similar diffraction efficiencies of about 35 (G12) and 22% (G13) though no exposure time scheduling has been used [20,22]. Diffraction efficiency shows a maximum at 0.8 (RS, MS) or 1.2 wt% (VTMS) due to the enhanced phase separation [24]. For RS and MS the decrease after the maximum is due to the particle agglomeration [3].…”

Section: Diffraction Efficiency 341 Real-time Diffraction Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transflective multiplexing of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal using Si additives

Sun¹,

Kang²,

Kim³

2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Morphology, grating formation dynamics and electro-optical performance of transflective multiplexing with holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) were investigated in the presence of silica nanoparticles (Aerosil R812 (RS) and modified Aerosil 200 (MS)) and silicon monomer (vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMS)) by using three coherent laser beams. The addition of Si additive significantly augmented the diffraction efficiencies of transmission and reflection gratings due to the enhanced phase separation with large LC channels. The film was driven only with Si additives which are enriched at the polymer-LC interfaces. As the additive content increased, driving voltage decreased to a minimum of 30 V at 2.0 wt% VTMS. It was found that the interface modification and large droplet size are crucial to operate the film. Among the three types of Si additive, VTMS showed the highest electro-optical performance due to its low viscosity and high reactivity.

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] A number of different fabrication methods have been explored. For example, "templated" PDLCs have been formed by preparing polymer inverse opals that were subsequently loaded with LC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More success has been achieved using holographic polymerization-induced phase-separation methods (i.e., in production of holographic PDLCs (H-PDLCs)). [8][9][10][11] In these materials, LC and polymeric precursors are first mixed to form a homogenous solution that is subsequently exposed to overlapped coherent laser beams. Photopolymerization in the light areas of the intensity grating leads to phase separation of the components into alternating "rows" of polymer and LC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer/Liquid Crystal Composite Diffractive Optics by Multiphoton Methods

Xie¹,

Ito²,

Higgins³

2007

Adv Funct Materials

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Direct‐write multiphoton photolithography is used to prepare electrically switchable diffraction gratings having spacings as small as 4 μm. Surface‐relief gratings are written into poly(methyl methacrylate) films using a sample‐scanning confocal microscope and are characterized by using contact‐mode atomic force microscopy. The resulting polymeric channels are filled with nematic liquid crystals (LCs) and sandwiched between indium tin oxide‐coated coverslips to obtain functional devices. These devices exhibit diffraction efficiencies approaching 30 %. Microscopic LC organization and field‐induced reorientation dynamics within these devices are characterized by static and dynamic polarization‐dependent multiphoton excited fluorescence microscopy. LCs are found to align predominantly along the channel axis, but exhibit some disorder near the channel walls, resulting from nanometer‐scale polymer surface roughness. LC reorientation in response to an electric field is rapid (<1 ms) and uniform, whereas field‐free LC relaxation is relatively slow (>20 ms). Both reorientation and relaxation are influenced by orientationally anchored LCs near the channel walls.

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Multiple gratings simultaneously formed in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal displays

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

Microfabrication and imaging XPS analysis of ITO thin films

Microfabrication and imaging XPS analysis of ITO thin films

Transflective multiplexing of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal using Si additives

Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer/Liquid Crystal Composite Diffractive Optics by Multiphoton Methods

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