Multiple Lightning Discharges in Wind Turbines Associated With Nearby Cloud-to-Ground Lightning

Garolera, Anna Candela; Cummins, K. L.; Holboell, Joachim; Myers, Jackson D.

doi:10.1109/tste.2015.2391013

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Peak currents of flashes interacting with towers or other tall objects have so far been evaluated in fixed geographical locations [e.g., Diendorfer et al, 2002;Lafkovici et al, 2008;Garolera et al, 2015]. Within this study, the population of ÀCGs and +CGs near towers had higher peak currents than the population of flashes in the outer region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Antenna structures and cloud‐to‐ground lightning location: 1995–2015

Kingfield

Calhoun

Beurs

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Spatial analyses of cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning occurrence due to a rapid expansion in the number of antenna towers across the United States are explored by gridding 20 years of National Lightning Detection Network data at 500 m spatial resolution. The 99.8% of grid cells with ≥100 CGs were within 1 km of an antenna tower registered with the Federal Communications Commission. Tower height is positively correlated with CG occurrence; towers taller than 400 m above ground level experience a median increase of 150% in CG lightning density compared to a region 2 km to 5 km away. In the northern Great Plains, the cumulative CG lightning density near the tower was around 138% (117%) higher than a region 2 to 5 km away in the September–February (March–August) months. Higher CG frequencies typically also occur in the first full year following new tower construction, creating new lightning hot spots.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Antenna structures and cloud‐to‐ground lightning location: 1995–2015

Kingfield

Calhoun

Beurs

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The existence of one or more tall objects in urban areas can be used for studying the processes of upward lightning flashes initiation and development (Lu et al, 2009;Mazur & Ruhnke, 2011;Smorgonskiy et al, 2015;Yuan et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2016). Tall buildings in different areas of the city can modify the electrical environment over a large area and facilitate the occurrence of upward lightning flashes from multiple tall objects in response to the same +CG flash (Garolera et al, 2015;Miki et al, 2005;Saba et al, 2016;Warner, 2012). Optical observations from a single station with a normal field of view (FOV) do not allow one to record multiple upward lightning flashes occurring in different directions.…”

Section: Citationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronized Two‐Station Optical and Electric Field Observations of Multiple Upward Lightning Flashes Triggered by a 310‐kA +CG Flash

Lyu

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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A positive cloud‐to‐ground (+CG) lightning flash containing a single stroke with a peak current of approximately +310 kA followed by a long continuing current triggered seven upward lightning flashes from tall structures. The flashes were observed on 4 June 2016 at the Tall Object Lightning Observatory in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. The optical and electric field characteristics of these flashes were analyzed using synchronized two‐station data from two high‐speed video cameras, one total‐sky lightning channel imager, two lightning channel imagers, and two sets of slow and fast electric field measuring systems. Three upward flashes were initiated sequentially in the field of view of high‐speed video cameras. One of them was initiated approximately 0.35 ms after the return stroke of +CG flash from the Canton Tower, the tallest structure within a 12‐km radius of the +CG flash, while the other two upward flashes were initiated from two other, more distant tall objects, approximately 18 ms after the +CG flash stroke. The initiation of the latter two upward flashes could be caused by the combined effect of the return stroke of +CG flash, its associated continuing current, and K process in the cloud. Each of these three upward flashes contained multiple downward leader/upward return stroke sequences, with the first leader/return stroke sequence of the second and third flashes occurring only after the completion of the last leader/return stroke sequence of the preceding flash. The total number of strokes in the three upward flashes was 13, and they occurred over approximately 1.5 s.

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“…Their results showed that the critical length is independent of the lightning current parameters, blade length, and receptor radius, but is related to the air's relative density, humidity, and altitude. Many countries have conducted studies on blade lightning stroke theory, location, and size [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, no definite conclusion on the height and shape of the blade receptors designed by domestic mainstream blade manufacturers has been drawn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Design of Wind Turbine Blade Receptors Based on Electrostatic Field Theory

et al. 2019

Electronics

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Lightning protection for blades is one of the most important factors for the safe operation of wind turbines. In view of the differences in the designs of blade receptors, a full-scale blade receptor model was constructed on the basis of the scaling experiment of the wind turbine and electrostatic field theory. By combining the electromagnetic finite element analysis with leader discharge theory, this study analyzed and discussed the influence of the protruding height of receptors and the design of receptor types on the lightning receiving effect of the blade, and the optimum design scheme of blade receptors was proposed. According to the results of this study, the field intensity distribution on the surface of the receptor was a high-boundary and low-middle structure. The receptor easily produced an upward connection leader as the lighting junction. The electric field intensity around the receptor was substantially distorted after 4 mm protrusion, which was approximately twice the electric field intensity of a flat right-angle receptor. The convex chamfer had multiple centralized lightning stroke points compared with the convex right-angle design, thereby exhibiting better solidification and reliability at the lightning stroke area, which are conducive to protecting the blade from lightning damage. The electric field intensity of the convex fillet was similar to the chamfer, but the radius of the electric field intensity of the convex fillet was small, and the attenuation of the electric field intensity with the radius was evident. This study provides a reference for further optimization design of blade receptors.

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Multiple Lightning Discharges in Wind Turbines Associated With Nearby Cloud-to-Ground Lightning

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Antenna structures and cloud‐to‐ground lightning location: 1995–2015

Antenna structures and cloud‐to‐ground lightning location: 1995–2015

Synchronized Two‐Station Optical and Electric Field Observations of Multiple Upward Lightning Flashes Triggered by a 310‐kA +CG Flash

Optimized Design of Wind Turbine Blade Receptors Based on Electrostatic Field Theory

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