Multiple Scattering and Size Distribution Effects on the Performance of a Laser Diffraction Particle Sizer

Paloposki, Tuomas; Kankkunen, Ari

doi:10.1615/atomizspr.v3.i3.40

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A lens of 200 mm was used and calculations were based on the Fraunhofer diffraction theory. 17 Particle morphology was visualized with a JEOL JSM6301 scanning microscope (JEOL, USA Inc., Peabody, MA) at 3 kV, after sputter-coating the particles with a 5 nm thick, conductive film of Pd/Au.…”

Section: Wear Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of Co–Cr and UHMWPE particles on infection persistence: An in vivo study in mice

Hosman

Bulstra

Sjollema

et al. 2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Wear of metal-on-metal (cobalt-chromium, Co-Cr particles) and metal-on-polyethylene (ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, UHMWPE particles) bearing surfaces in hip prostheses is a major problem in orthopedics. This study aimed to compare the influence of Co-Cr and UHMWPE particles on the persistence of infection. Bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus Xen36 were injected in air pouches prepared in subcutaneous tissue of immuno-competent BALB/c mice (control), as a model for the joint space, in the absence or presence of Co-Cr or UHMWPE particles. Bioluminescence was monitored longitudinally up to 21 days, corrected for absorption and reflection by the particles and expressed relative to the bioluminescence found in the presence of staphylococci only. After termination, air pouch fluid and air pouch membrane were cultured and histologically analyzed. Bioluminescence was initially lower in mice exposed to UHMWPE particles with staphylococci than in mice injected with staphylococci only, possibly because UHMWPE particles initially stimulated a higher macrophage presence in murine air pouch membranes. For mice exposed to Co-Cr particles with staphylococci, bioluminescence was observed to be higher in two out of six animals compared to the presence of staphylococci alone. In the majority of mice, infection risk in the absence or presence of Co-Cr and UHMWPE particles appeared similar, assuming that the longevity of an elevated bioluminescence is indicative of a higher infection risk. However, the presence of Co-Cr particles yielded a higher bioluminescence in two out of six mice, possibly because the macrophage degradative function was hampered by the presence of Co-Cr particles. ß

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Section: Wear Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of Co–Cr and UHMWPE particles on infection persistence: An in vivo study in mice

Hosman

Bulstra

Sjollema

et al. 2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Thus, the perturbation introduced by the protecting tube may be expected to be negligible. In a more recent experimental approach, Paloposki and Kankkunen [16] reported that the use of the log-normal or Rosin-Rammler models leads to incorrect results when the actual distribution is different to a lognormal or a Rosin-Rammler distribution, respectively. Equation (7) indicates that Obs H reaches the critical value of 0.6 when Obs 0.84.…”

Section: Experimental Set-up and Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Drop Size Distribution of SpraysProduced by a High-Pressure Swirl Injector. Measurementsand Application of the Maximum Entropy Formalism

Boyaval¹,

Dumouchel²

2001

Part. Part. Syst. Charact.

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This paper reports an investigation on the volume‐based drop size distribution of sprays produced by swirl atomizers dedicated to direct‐injection spark‐ignited engines. Because of the use of high injection pressures to reduce the atomization time, the spatial density of the spray is high and prevents from classical measurements of spray drop size distribution. This problem is overcome by combining an experimental approach to the application of the maximum entropy formalism (M.E.F.). Based on the determination of correction factor series to correct the measurements from multiple light scattering, the experimental procedure allows obtaining some distribution characteristic features. According to a previous study, two of these characteristics are used as information in a M.E.F. procedure to derive the spray volume‐based drop size distribution. This characteristic is of paramount importance for evaluating the large drop population with accuracy. The overall procedure is presented in detail and discussed. It was applied to a series of four swirl atomizers in order to study the influence of the nozzle geometry and of the injection pressure on the injector performances. Conducted under both stationary and transient working conditions, this study allows a more precise understanding of the performances of GDI injectors as far as the spray drop size distributions are concerned.

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Spray Aircraft and Atomizers

Picot

Kristmanson

1997

Environmental Science and Technology Library

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Multiple Scattering and Size Distribution Effects on the Performance of a Laser Diffraction Particle Sizer

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of Co–Cr and UHMWPE particles on infection persistence: An in vivo study in mice

The influence of Co–Cr and UHMWPE particles on infection persistence: An in vivo study in mice

Investigation on the Drop Size Distribution of SpraysProduced by a High-Pressure Swirl Injector. Measurementsand Application of the Maximum Entropy Formalism

Spray Aircraft and Atomizers

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