Multiplier Method for Limb-Length Prediction in the Upper Extremity

Paley, Dror; Gelman, Amanda; Shualy, Mordchai B.; Herzenberg, John E.

doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.11.007

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The equations for the determination of arm and forearm length and circumference presented here are limited in that they can only be used to determine a child's expected upper extremity size at his or her current age based on current physical parameters. To predict the adult length of a child's arm and forearm, Paley et al 17 provided upper extremity multipliers that can be used in combination with a patient's age and current arm or forearm length. This method can be used to accurately predict the extent of a child's limb length discrepancy in adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Ranges of Upper Extremity Length, Circumference, and Rate of Growth in the Pediatric Population

Edmond

Laps

Case

et al. 2019

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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Background: Upper extremity length and circumference abnormalities are present in a number of conditions in the pediatric population. In most cases, upper limb hypoplasia and hypertrophy are diagnosed when one limb appears substantially different from the other during physical examination. However, occasionally when this discrepancy exists, it can be difficult to determine which limb is the abnormal one. The purpose of this study was to establish normal values for upper extremity length, circumference, and rate of growth in children aged 0 to 17 years. Methods: In all, 377 participants had 4 measurements taken of each upper extremity: upper arm length, upper arm circumference, forearm length, and forearm circumference. Statistical analysis was performed to identify differences and rates of growth. Results: Mean values for arm and forearm length and circumference for each age, 0 to 17 years, were established. The determination of a child’s expected arm length is dependent on his or her height, age, and sex, while the calculation of a child’s expected forearm length depends on his or her weight, age, and sex. Male and female arms and forearms have similar growth rates of lengths and circumferences. No significant differences were found between right and left extremities for each of the 4 measurements taken. Conclusions: Contralateral limbs can be used for comparison of length and circumference of the arm and forearm in cases of unilateral upper extremity abnormality. The establishment of normal values for upper extremity length, circumference, and growth rate will be a useful diagnostic tool for upper extremity hypoplasia and hypertrophy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Ranges of Upper Extremity Length, Circumference, and Rate of Growth in the Pediatric Population

Edmond

Laps

Case

et al. 2019

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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“…LLD is diagnosed clinically on the basis of medical history and physical examination and may be secondary to a variety of causes (congenital deformity, infection, trauma, skeletal dysplasia and metabolic disease) [3][4][5][6][7]. Therapeutic management varies from conservative treatment to various surgical techniques, according to the aetiology of the LLD and more importantly, to the leglength prediction at skeletal maturity [6,8]. Minor discrepancies are frequently neglected as they have no known cause and tend to evolve favorably.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional measurements of the lower extremity in children and adolescents using a low-dose biplanar X-ray device

et al. 2011

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“…Majority of these patients are asymptomatic with symptomatic severe deformity occurring when growth arrest is more than 1 cm [ 8 ]. Physeal bar, when detected early, can be treated easily before the development of severe deformity by non-operative method if remaining growth can lead to <2 mm of positive ulnar variance as predicted by multiplier method mentioned by Paley et al [ 12 ]. More than 2.5 mm predicted growth of distal ulna relative to distal radius can lead to ulnar impaction with altered wrist mechanics and it needs surgical intervention [ 11 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 2.5 mm predicted growth of distal ulna relative to distal radius can lead to ulnar impaction with altered wrist mechanics and it needs surgical intervention [ 11 , 13 ]. Modality of early surgical intervention includes removal of physeal bar and placement of interposition material into the void to permit the remaining growth, thus preventing complex reconstructive procedures with significant morbidity [ 11 , 12 ]. Treatment modalities for more severe deformities include corrective osteotomy of the distal radius, epiphysiodesis of the distal ulna with or without radial lengthening, and ulnar shortening osteotomy [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-stage Distal Radius Dome Osteotomy with Ulnar Diaphyseal Shortening and Distal Ulnar Epiphysiodesis in A Case of Manus Valgus Deformity Secondary to Post-Traumatic Physeal Growth Arrest – A Case Report

Sarkar¹,

Bandyopadhyay²,

Niyogi³

2021

JOCR

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Introduction: Distal radius physeal growth arrest in children secondary to trauma is a rare complication. Various modalities of surgical treatment exist. Correction of severe deformity by a single-stage surgery is rare in current literature. We describe a case of surgically treated post-traumatic manus valgus deformity in an adolescent female with a satisfactory surgical outcome. Case Report: A 13-year-old right-hand dominant girl presented to us with a painless, gradually progressive left wrist deformity for the past 3 years. She sustained a left wrist injury 3.5 years back for which she received native treatment. She was able to do most of her daily activities and cosmetic disability was her primary concern. She had a 20° fixed radial deviation deformity with further radial deviation up to 60°. Forearm rotation was from 70° supination to 60° pronation. Her pre-operative Mayo Modified Wrist Score was 25/10/10/25/70 (Pain/Satisfaction/Range of motion/Grip strength/Total). Radiologically, there was the obliteration of lateral distal radial physis with overgrowth of medial physis. Distal ulnar physeal overgrowth led to positive ulnar variance. Radiologically, the magnitude of deformity was 43° manus valgus (+24° radial inclination). We performed dome osteotomy at distal radius metaphysis with distal radius plating through modified Henry approach. Simultaneous ulnar diaphyseal shortening osteotomy with plate fixation was done through a dorsal approach and distal ulnar epiphysiodesis was done by physeal drilling to prevent future overgrowth. At 13 months follow-up, the wrist has clinically no deformity and radiologically 5° manus valgus (+24° radial inclination). Both the osteotomy sites have united and ulnar variance is restored. Now, her ulnar deviation was 20° and radial deviation was 30°. Her forearm rotational arc was maintained. Mayo Modified Wrist Score was 25/25/10/25/85 (Pain/Satisfaction/Range of motion/Grip strength/Total) with no hindrance of daily activity.

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Multiplier Method for Limb-Length Prediction in the Upper Extremity

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Normal Ranges of Upper Extremity Length, Circumference, and Rate of Growth in the Pediatric Population

Normal Ranges of Upper Extremity Length, Circumference, and Rate of Growth in the Pediatric Population

Three-dimensional measurements of the lower extremity in children and adolescents using a low-dose biplanar X-ray device

Single-stage Distal Radius Dome Osteotomy with Ulnar Diaphyseal Shortening and Distal Ulnar Epiphysiodesis in A Case of Manus Valgus Deformity Secondary to Post-Traumatic Physeal Growth Arrest – A Case Report

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