Multiport network model and transmission characteristics of two-port rectangular microstrip patch antennas

High Gain Rectangular Broad Band Microstrip Antenna With Embedded Negative Capacitor and Chip Resistor

“…As it can be seen from (1), decreasing the quality factor is also an effective way to enhance the antenna's impedance bandwidth.…”

“…The Multiport Network Model (MNM) for analyzing the MSA is an extension of the cavity model. In this model, the interior region and the exterior region are modeled separately [1]. The impedance matrix and the radiation conductance network are then combined by the segmentation method to obtain input impedance of the RMSA as shown in Figure 2 as…”

“…Different methods for controlling the pattern by reactive loading have been the subject of many papers [1][2][3][4][5][6]. If a specific radiation pattern is necessary, the loading position is only mechanism for power transfer from the feed to the space.…”

A Hybrid Deterministic/Metaheuristic Synthesis Technique for Non-Uniformly Spaced Linear Printed Antenna Arrays

“…However, these procedures are typically very time-consuming, especially for large array problems. In this context, the Multiport Network Model (MNM) provides a convenient frame for a computationally efficient and accurate characterization of printed antenna arrays [13]. As a matter of fact, the complexity of this method, as well as the accuracy of the results obtained, lie in between the simplistic transmission line model on one hand, and the numerically based rigorous simulation techniques (like FDTD and FEM) on the other hand.…”

“…In this way, the initial array element locations and excitation distributions useful to mimic a given radiation pattern can be determined analytically while addressing design constraints relevant to the minimum antenna spacing, array aperture, and maximum number of power levels to be operated in the array beam-forming network. The obtained array configuration is afterwards processed within a dedicated Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm [8][9][10][11][12] in combination with a multiport network approach [13,14] for computationally efficient modeling of the parasitic mutual coupling between the antenna elements. Along these lines, an enhancement of the convergence in terms of the number of iterations within the metaheuristic procedure and, consequently, a reduction of the total computational time required to obtain a converged solution of problem can be achieved.…”